Mis †Walmart Essay

INTRODUCTION A Management information system (MIS) is a system or process that provides information needed to manage organizations effectively. Management information system gives the business managers the information that they need to make decisions. Early business computers were used for simple operations such as tracking inventory, billing, sales, or payroll data, with little detail or structure but now days it has been replaced by the advanced techniques like ERP, EPM, SCM and SAP. Management information systems are distinct from regular information systems in that they are used to analyze other information systems applied in operational activities in the organization. HISTORY OF WALLMART Sam Walton who is a businessman from ARKANASAS, begin his carrier with retail industry and started working on June 3, 1940. On July 2 1962 he opened first walmart discount city store located in ARKANASAS. Walmart is one of the most technically advanced companies in the world and reason behind this is availability of accurate and up to date information which intern a basis of its growth in the market. And for collecting the accurate information on time it is necessary that management should continuously review the information, which is possible only by an integrated management system. Walmart became one of the first companies in retail sector to use MIS. MIS IN DIFFERENT FUNCTIONS OF THE ORGANISATION: 1.OPERATIONS: In the world of retailing, Wal-Mart has what is considered to be the most sophisticated distribution system called Retail Link. This system connects each store with headquarters and over 2,000 suppliers so that they will never run out of or have too much inventory. Wal-Mart turns over their inventory more than any other retail store. The current challenge exists with supplying their overseas stores, especially while this is the area that they are concentrating on growing. In order to become more efficient overseas, Wal-Mart has started is on Customs Brokering division to take care of its global procurement, which saves them brokering and freight forwarding fees, and also gives them more control. They have also started to â€Å"request† strongly that their suppliers also be physically located in the countries where Wal-Mart is to better supply them. Procurement of material Walmart is a bulk purchaser and they follow centralised purchased system, so the company directly procure the materials from manufacturers thus eliminating all the intermediaries and middlemen. This is essential to reduce the cost and offer best pricing. They first find out the potential supplier and then after getting prices from everyone the will decide finally according to the cost structure of the offer. For efficiently managing this information wall mart uses EDI model(electronic data interchange) it is basically a computer based system of walmart in this system the computers of suppliers and vendors are connected with walmart. EDI enables supplier to download purchase order along with store to store sales information related to their product like no of product sold, no. of product received. As supplier receives the information about sales of various products, the supplier shipped the required goods to different walmart distribution centres. Basically it is a high speed integrat ion system between supplier and walmart and which is very helpful in making the process fast and efficient. Transportation A company owned transportation system also assists Wal-Martin shipping goods from warehouse to store in less than 48 hours. This allows Wal-Mart to replenish the shelves 4 times faster than its competition.Wal-Mart owns the largest and most sophisticated computer system in the private sector. It uses a MPP (massively parallel processor) computer system to track stock and movement which keeps it abreast of fast changes in the market .Information related to sales and inventory is disseminated visits advanced satellite communications system. MPP is basically used to track the movement of goods and stock level and information for this is transmitted through advanced satellite communication system. So when the information about movement of goods is transmitted it automatically generate the information and pass it on to transportation department and from there the logistic facility is ensured. Inventory management Wal-Mart invested heavily in IT & communication system to effectively track sales and merchandise inventories in stores across all the outlets in the country. For this company needs to have excellent communication system. And Walmart is using the technique of PRETTY DARN QUICK DISPLAY (PDQ) TECHNIQUE. In this technique the company asked its suppliers to ship goods inshore-ready displays called pretty darn quick (PDQ) displays.Goods were packed in PDQ displays that arrived at the stores ready to be boarded on the racks.WalMart’s employees could directly replace the empty racks at the stores with fully packed racks, instead of refilling each and every item at the racks. HUB AND SPOK SYSTEM – in the early1970s, Wal-Mart became one of the first retailing companies in the world to centralize its distribution system, pioneering the retail hub-andspoke system. Under the system, goods were centrally ordered, assembled at a massive warehouse, known as distribution centre · (hub), from where they were dispatched to the individual stores (spoke). The hub and spoke system enabled Wal-Mart to achieve significant cost advantages by the centralized purchasing of goods in huge quantities. And also the used of RFID technology (radio frequency identification) this technique is used to replace the bar coding technique and increase the efficiency of employees because with this employees are no longer requires to physically scan the bar code thus it improve efficiency and reduce the stock outs. Reordering Wal-Mart built an automated reordering system linking computers between Procter & Gamble (â€Å"P&G†) and its stores and distribution centres. The computer system sends a signal from a store to P&G identifying an item low in stock. It then sends a resupply order, via satellite, to the nearest P&G factory, which then ships the item to a Wal-Mart distribution centre or directly to the store. This interaction between Wal-Mart and P&G is a win-win proposition because with better coordination, P&G can lower its costs and pass some of the savings on to Wal-Mart. Thus walmart is efficiently using the MIS to achieve efficiency and cost minimization. 2. MARKETING FUNCTION (MIS) Marketing activities are directed toward planning, promoting, and selling goods and services to satisfy the needs of customers and the objectives of the organization. Marketing information systems support decision making regarding the marketing mix. These include: 1. 2. 3. 4. Product Price Place Promotion Sources of Data and Information for Marketing: Boundary-Spanning and Transaction Processing Subsystems A marketing information system relies on external information to a far greater degree than other organizational information systems. It includes two subsystems designed for boundary spanning – bringing into the firm data and information about the marketplace. The objective of marketing research is to collect data on the actual customers and the potential customers, known as prospects. The identification of the needs of the customer is a fundamental starting point for total quality management (TQM). Electronic commerce on the WEB makes it easy to compile statistics on actual buyer behaviour. Marketing research software supports statistical analysis of data. It enables the firm to correlate buyer behaviour with very detailed geographic variables, demographic variables, and psychographic variables. Marketing (competitive) intelligence is responsible for the gathering and interpretation of data regarding the firm’s competitors, and for the dissemination of the competitive information to the appropriate users. Most of the competitor information comes from corporate annual reports, media-tracking services, and from reports purchased from external providers, including on-line database services. The Internet has become a major source of competitive intelligence. Marketing Mix Subsystems The marketing mix subsystems support decision making regarding product introduction, pricing, promotion (advertising and personal selling), and distribution. These decisions are integrated into the sales forecast and marketing plans against which the ongoing sales results are compared. Product Subsystem The product subsystem helps to plan the introduction of new products. Continually bringing new products to market is vital in today’s competitive environment of rapid change. Although decisions regarding the introduction of new products are unstructured, information systems support this process in several ways: ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · Professional support systems assist designers in their knowledge work DSSs are used to evaluate proposed new products With a DSS, a marketing manager can score the desirability of a new product. Electronic meeting systems help bring the expertise of people dispersed in space and time to bear on the problem Information derived from marketing intelligence and research is vital in evaluating new product ideas. Place Subsystem The place subsystem assists the decision makers in making the product available to the customer at the right place at the right time. The place subsystem helps plan the distribution channels for the product and track their performance. The use of information technology has dramatically increased the availability of information on product movement in the distribution channel. Promotion Subsystem The promotion subsystem is often the most elaborate in the marketing information system, since it supports both personal selling and advertising. Media selection packages assist in selecting a mix of avenues to persuade the potential purchaser, including direct mail, television, print media, and the electronic media such as the Internet and the WEB in particular. The effectiveness of the selected media mix is monitored and its composition is continually adjusted. Database marketing relies on the accumulation and use of extensive databases to segment potential customers and reach team with personalized promotional information. The role of telemarketing, marketing over the telephone, has increased. Telemarketing calls are well supported by information technology. Sales management is thoroughly supported with information technology. Customer profitability analysis helps identify high-profit and high-growth customers and target marketing efforts in order to retain and develop these accou nts. Sales force automation involves equipping salespeople with portable computers tied into the corporate information systems. This gives the salespeople instantaneous access to information and frees them from the reporting paperwork. This increases selling time and the level of performance. Access to corporate databases is sometimes accompanied by access to corporate expertise; either by being able to contact the experts or by using expert systems that help specifies the product meeting customer requirements. Price Subsystem Pricing decisions find a degree of support from DSSs and access to databases that contain industry prices. These highly unstructured decisions are made in pursuit of the companies pricing objectives. General strategies range from profit maximization to forgoing a part of the profit in order to increase a market share. Information systems provide an opportunity to finely segment customer groups, and charge different prices depending on the combination of products and services provided, as well as the circumstances of the sale transaction. Sales Forecasting Based on the planned marketing mix and outstanding orders, sales are forecast and a full marketing plan is developed. Sale forecasting is an area where any quantitative methods employed must be tempered with human insight and experience. The actual sales will depend to a large degree on the dynamics of the environment. Qualitative techniques are generally used for environmental forecasting – an attempt to predict the social, economic, legal, and technological environment in which the company will try to realize its plans. Sales forecasting uses numerous techniques, which include: ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · Group decision making techniques are used to elicit broad expert opinion Scenario analysis in which each scenario in this process is a plausible future environment Extrapolation of trends and cycles through a time-series analysis. 3.FINANCE For the fiscal year ending January 31, 2011, Wal-Mart reported a net income of $15.4 billion on $422 billion of revenue with a 24.7 percent gross profit margin. The corporation’s international operations accounted for $109.2 billion, or 26.1 percent, of total sales. It is the world’s 18th largest public corporation, according to the Forbes Global 2000 list, and the largest public corporation when ranked by revenue. Walmart on an average hire about 10000 employees every year and on opening every single store Walmart employees 300 new employees. Their main source of funds is there sales and basic expenditure goes on building new stores and employees salary. Job Hierarchy at Wal-Mart Human Resources Wal-Mart is the largest non-government employer in the world. They realize that turnover is high in retail, but that their associates are one of their most important assets. Their written policy regarding associates is as follows: â€Å"they are encouraged to maintain the highest standards of honesty, morality, and business ethics†. In order to become a Wal-Mart associate, candidates must take a multiple-choice test and select what are considered the appropriate â€Å"Wal-Mart† responses in order to be hired. Due to the fact that Wal-Mart strives to keep their costs low, they do not offer high wages. They exist on many part-time and temporary workers, do not offer these employees benefits, and do not pay their employees enough to live on. Wal-Mart has a 20-30% cost advantage over competition, as their labor is not unionized. Besides facing current litigation for not paying employees for overtime there are and have been several cases regarding discrimination on the basis of gender (female) that females are often not hired or promoted to be managers.

Movies in american culture

â€Å"Sweet Home Alabama† is a movie about Melanie Smooter played by Reese Witherspoon who is engaged to Andrew Hennings played by Patrick Dempsey and was out to go back to her hometown to divorce with her husband Jake Perry played by Josh Lucas. Melanie is a fashion designer who is with Patrick, a son of the mayor in New York. When Patrick asked Melanie to marry her, Melanie decided to go back to her hometown in Alabama to divorce with her husband Jake. Jake didn’t give her what she wants and so she was trap for a wile in the town so as to insist Jake to finally sign the paper of divorce. The story started on a beach with two kids, a boy and a girl. That was Melanie and Jake running on the beach while it’s raining. Jake tells Melanie that he wanted to marry her and Melanie asked why. From that flashback scene comes the present time with Melanie being engaged with her boyfriend and about to face her past with Jake.   It wasn’t easy for Melanie to convince Jake to sign the divorce paper. During her stay in Alabama, she had the chance to visit her family. Melanie soon realizes that a part of her was still on that place. And even if she tries to go on with her new life, there is unfinished business that she needs to settle. Going back to her hometown seems to be an awkward situation for Melanie, especially when she joins her high school friends and reminisced about their old days. Those scenes will provide the viewers a wide understanding of the movie and how the sequence relates to another one. There were less flashbacks but the film provides scenes that will give better understanding to the past where it is important to show how things  happened after Melanie left Jake in Alabama and went to New York. As the film progresses, it clearly showed how a scene is related to another and its viewers will get to understand and appreciate the film more so. The film relates to us a story of a girl who found her new life outside her old hometown and forgets that she is still in that hometown whether she likes it or not. Melanie thinks she got everything she wished for but she didn’t realized that what he left in that hometown will give her more than what she needs in life. Jake on the other hand still loves Melanie and is man enough to accept that Melanie wanted to call everything quits. Jake strived hard to make a good living and Melanie didn’t realize that. A true love story that is romantic on its own, comedy and light.   â€Å"Sweet Home Alabama† is a film that will teach us to appreciate what we had and to learn that it wont hurt us to look back on out past once in a while. Personally, I liked the movie because of its simple and natural attack to its viewers. It will make you relate yourself to the characters of the film and will make you think of a possible situation in your own life. The film thought me that no matter how decided we are on one thing that we thought could make us happy, there is a thing that lies around us that will make us realized how important it is to our life. Regardless of the fact that Melanie has already found her new life and love, she didn’t realize that she left something more valuable and important than any other things in her life and that is Jake. The film also showed us that there are mistakes that could be done right and that no matter how painful your past is, you will never erase the fact that it will always be a part  of whom you are and what you have become. Nonetheless, the film provides us the understanding of how life gives us challenges that we can surpass. That sometimes even if we get out of the life we have and create a new one with others, we will still feel the need to go back to our old life and make it right. The film is beautifully made that is why I recommend this movie to be watched by other people. It showed the very meaning of love and it addresses to its viewer how love is sweeter the second time around. The film should be watched by young adults and as well as by the not so young and old people who is fond of romantic and comedy film. The characters of the film will surely make an impact to the life of its viewer and it will teach a good lesson in life. Indeed, the film gives us the chance to see a good story comes with a good cast of actors with remarkable acting skills. â€Å"Sweet Home Alabama† is a movie that I will not get tired of watching over and over again. It is a movie that will make you smile in the beginning from end. It is a movie with a taste of love, life and second chances put into one masterpiece that will satisfy its viewer to the end. Definitely, â€Å"Sweet Home Alabama† is a great movie to watch with your friends and/or special someone. Keep in mind to just enjoy watching the movie and try to create a story in your mind same as the movie for you to be able to relate your self more to the movie. But the movie is very easy to understand, you just need to take a good look of it and listen to the lines very well. Nevertheless, it is a movie that will share a wonderful life of success, share of pain and a happy ending that will make it even better for you to watch it again. References Sweet Home Alabama (2002). The Internet Movie Database. Retrieved November 26, 2007, from http://www.imdb.com. Sweet Home Alabama Facts.   Movies.Com. Retrieved November 26, 2007, from http://movies.go.com         

For This Assignment, I Chose To Read And Reviewed Four

For this assignment, I chose to read and reviewed four research articles that talk about the effects of divorce on children. Each of them discussed about whether the differences in the level of parental marital conflict could leave any impacts on the well-being of the children. Besides, all of these papers compare between the high-conflict and low-conflict families. They compare and contrast the well being of the children of divorce when they reach young adults and adulthood stage. All of these articles are the combination of both qualitative and quantitative types of researches. Some theoretical perspectives that were used are economic deprivation, family structure and psychological stress. Plus, these papers were already being reviewed†¦show more content†¦The author tried to support his hypothesis by doing 1-hour interview by interviewing children that being randomly selected from three different schools. Then, he measured and computed any conflicts that provided by the c hildren’s parents, peers and external raters. He provided sources from past studies that show negative effects of divorce on children and use examples to further support his arguments. However, his findings did not support his hypothesis. He found out that parental conflicts do not mean that it can leave negative relationship to the children’s self-esteem. Thus, he clarifies by saying that this difference in findings happens because past researchers rely on clinical samples, while his samples were from randomly selected children. In my opinion, presenting past studies that lead us to make our hypothesis are really effective as it provides the base and evidence of our arguments. However, this article is not persuasive because the author stated in his study that the measurements that he used to study and address some problems in this study have unknown validity and reliability—this can be one of the weaknesses of this study. By saying that, it makes me feel that t he finding of this study will not be as accurate and promising. The finding of this paper is also contradicted with my belief. I thought it would be the way around. It is because, according to Prof. Hansen’s lecture on, â€Å"Chosen Relationships and Roots of Mature Love†, it is said thatShow MoreRelatedPersonal Review And Reflection Paper1262 Words   |  6 Pagesobjectives that were completed. 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Differences and Similarities of Business Systems in China...

Summary By utilizing institutional matrix, this paper explains how different factors in each country interact with one another and how those factors consist the business system in China and Japan. Moreover, this paper also compares the differences and similarities of business systems in China and in Japan. Business System In order to understand the business system, we need to look at the most important component, the people, first. After recognizing the pattern of individual activity, we can apply this pattern in a broader sense and understand the system as a whole. Japanese people tend to be more collectivistic than Chinese. Historically Japan and China had ruled under the idea of Confucianism, which stresses the importance of†¦show more content†¦Guanxi seems play a major part in Chinese firms when it comes to promotion, a large number of bribe payers approaches to his/her supervisor during the promotion window and pays a big fortune or buy an expensive gift like luxury watch or handbag. This action is usually seen in the state-owned enterprises since no one really holds responsibility for bad personal decision and changes of personal is often one way. Unless someone make a serious mistake, he/she will not be demoted for being non-action. In private sector, however, merit is the most important criteria. Nominator usually holds responsibility for his/her nomination, and the changes of personal is two-ways. If someone get promoted and he/she cannot fulfil the job, he/she will be demoted. Another difference between the lobar market in China and Japan is the participation rate of female workers. 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The Human Rights Crisis Of Girl Sex Trafficking - 3460 Words

I am doing a research on Friends of Maiti Nepal, an official US representative of Maiti Nepal. Maiti Nepal is an organization founded by Anuradha Koirala. Friends of Maiti Nepal is a non-profit organization dedicated to addressing the human rights crisis of girl sex-trafficking by supporting Maiti Nepal in its work of prevention, interception, rescue and rehabilitation of victims; and criminal prosecution of perpetrators. Recent studies show that about 20,000 girls are trafficked every year in Nepal. Most of these girls come from the rural areas of the country where there is lack of education on topics like these. Those girls are deceived by the pimps, who tell the girls that they will be provided with high paying jobs if they follow the pimp to India or some other foreign countries. In aspiration of getting a high paying job those girls follow the pimp, who then sells the girls to brothels in other countries. So the major purpose of Maiti Nepal is to administer the Nepal-India border and look out for any suspicious activities. Some of Maiti Nepal s most trailblazing work is on surveillance of the border crosssings between Nepal and India. There young women from Maiti (former trafficking victims) work in cooperation with police - watching for suspicious activity, intervening when they see it, and rescuing over 2,000 girls this year alone, before they could be sold to brothels. In addition, Maiti Nepal also rescues girls from the brothels in India. There is a high chanceShow MoreRelated Child Trafficking Essays1660 Words   |  7 PagesChild Trafficking â€Å"The global market of child trafficking is at over $12 billion a year with over 2 million child victims† (â€Å"Stop Child Trafficking Now† 1). This statement from the article â€Å"Stop Child Trafficking Now† describes how serious this crisis is nationwide. 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Human trafficking is a form of modern-day slavery, where human beings are controlled and exploited for profit. Perpetrators use force, fraud, or coercion to manipulate and establish control over individuals. Although human trafficking violates international and national laws, it is a burgeoning criminal industry (Background). Human Trafficking affects women and children and forces them into prostitution or other types of exploitation. Trafficking is very gruesomeRead MoreThe Trafficking Of Human Trafficking930 Words   |  4 PagesShe’s the girl who’s running away from her abusive past, the one who is impoverished and looking for a way to make ends meet, or perhaps, she’s the girl who naively fell in love with the wrong man. Regardless of the reasons, there are nearly 30 millio n victims of human trafficking globally. There are more slaves now than ever before. Trafficking of persons is not a subject that should be ignored or taken lightly. 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Business Organization Applicable Integrated-Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Business Organization Applicable Integrated? Answer: Introduction Myers-Briggs Type Indicator is a popular name among the personality type testers that are used for determining a persons personality. MBTI received criticism from various scholar over time due to their limitations. Still, it is used by the different organizations fro analyzing their employees personality in prior of hiring to build an understanding about them with expectation of better handling them (Tananchai, 2017). This report presents a case study of an individual with a proper description of the test result. The final part of the report is contributed to the discussion of its origin, use and limitations. Summary of the Result Individual case study is represented in the following where 93 questions were placed in front of the subject. Based of the answer acquired from the subject, personality is represented by four dichotomies of the Business too that is given below. The ENFP people are those who considers everyone and everything as a part of a galactic whole. They simultaneously like to help people and wants to be admired and appreciated by everyone for the work, on both singular and humanitarian level. There are various advantages and disadvantages being an ENFP that are discussed in the following (humanmetrics.com., 2017). Advantages Curious The people who fall under this category are both open-minded and imaginative people and consider everything as a part of a big and mysterious puzzle. They enjoys stepping out of their comfort zone to go out and experience new things. Observant They are keen observers as they seek to quench their thirst of curiosity. According to ENFPs, no action is irrelevant and everything have a place in the bigger picture. Energetic and Enthusiastic These people are extreme social beings and seek to make new friends. It is due to their curiosity and the observation they do as they seek to find out new things. This helps them to become socialized and make more connection, which in turn enriches them with new information and ideas that they merge with their own and come up with something more interesting. Popular and Friendly This approach makes them friendly and popular among their friends. Their friend circle keeps on stretching due to their interesting, exciting, and approachable nature (Sanders, 2014). Disadvantages Despite of having these advantages in their personality, their personality do have some disadvantages. Poor Practical Skills Regardless of having wonderful ideas, ENFPs fails in administrations and follow through on the projects that they form in their minds. Focusing Issue These people have real focus issue where the find it difficult to fall into a routine structure and administrative tasks. Hence, they fail to keep up with the task. Overthinking Thinking a thing from different approaches is the key skill of an ENFP. They hardly considers the face value and tries to find all the aspects and motives even for a simplest matter in hand. Stress - By performing the above mentioned activity, these people easily dries up them selves by taking too much of stress. Emotional Being highly emotional is a considerable disadvantage for the people with this personality. They can likely to face emotional burst under criticism, conflict, and stressful situation, which result in counter productivity. Single result may seems to be accurate now, but can vary if the testis taken on the same subject repeatedly. Moreover, the criteria for placing one personality in these four overlapping factors can prove to be false as there are chances of misinterpreted (Jankowski, 2016). MBTI test and reliability The test was developed by Isabel Briggs and her mother Katherine Briggs. Katherines interest in the book Psychological Type written by Carl Jung was the prime reason as she was influenced by the idea. It resulted in creation of MBTI in the year 1940 with a joint venture with her daughter. The responsibility of the distribution of the tool was given to Education Testing Service in early 1957. They soon adopted this service in their library and used it as the personality of the students and the faculty. Soon after some negative responses received from the internal members of the institution, use of the tool was discontinued by ETS. Later on in 1975 Psychologist, press brought the right to sell the product (Prasad, 2016). The personality of every individual was categorized under 16 different types and they put them into four damnations. The tool categorizes the people under these 16 categories with the combination of these four dimensions (Furnham Crump, 2015). The two-letter category is the major limitation of the tool that is not efficient to provide accurate results. MBTI often shows similar results for individual with different personality, which makes unreliable. Use of the tool The tool certainly enjoys a global popularity. It is popular among the large business organizations and corporations. Many certified consultants find the tool profitable for their work Experts Comment A number of experts in various domains criticized the merits of MBTI. Mattare noticed high level of skepticism. McCrae and Costa criticized the psychometric properties of the tool in 1989 and highlighted the shortcomings of the tests. He blamed the overuse and misuse are the primary reason behind this problem (Pearson DeFrank-Cole, 2017). Similar Testing tools There are various other tools present in the market among which Big Five is a popular name. The original name of the testing tool is NEO-PI, which is a five-factor model. The academicians prefer Big Five to MBTI. On the other hand, the MBTI tool is more common among the business organization. In spite of their popularity in different sectors, both of them are mostly unreliable due to their overlapping results (indiana.edu., 2017). Conclusion The MBTI program is more of less reliable for one time use. However, multiple result might show variation in the result. Moreover, he criterions of placing one into a categories overlapping and can be misinterpreted multiple times. The result shows that the people with ENFP personality type are curious and observant. They have some disadvantages that needs to be overcome to progress in their live. However, personality is deeply embedded in a person that can hardly be modified under any circumstances. References Furnham, A., Crump, J. (2015). The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) and Promotion at Work. Psychology,6(12), 1510. humanmetrics.com., 2017.ENFP personality. [online] Available at: https://www.humanmetrics.com/personality/enfp [Accessed 12 Sep. 2017]. Jankowski, J. (2016).The Enthusiast: Your Guide to the ENFP Personality Type. LOGOS MEDIA. indiana.edu. 2017.Measuring the MBTI. [online] Available at: https://www.indiana.edu/~jobtalk/Articles/develop/mbti.pdf [Accessed 10 Aug. 2017]. Pearson, N. G., DeFrank-Cole, L. (2017). Who is Taking our Classes? A Single-Institution Study of Leadership Student Personality Types.Journal of Leadership Education,16(3). Prasad, M. (2016). A test of Myers-Briggs type indicator in health professions: A literature review.Asian Journal of Management,7(4), 296-306. Sanders, D., 2014.Personality type, leadership, collaborative decision making and collective efficacy(Doctoral dissertation, Oakland University). Tananchai, A. 2017. The Personality of Students Studying the Social Etiquette marketing Personality Development Course by Myers Briggs Type Indicators (MBTI) Theory.AJE,3(2).

Wire Walkings History and Examples

Introduction Wire walking or tightrope walking can be defined as a way of walking on a thin wire or rope usually at accelerated height. It is associated with activities such as somersaulting and other acrobatics that can be viewed as devilish on a high set wire.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Wire Walking’s History and Examples specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More A wire walker can use poles to provide balance or he/she can stretch the arms perpendicularly so that they act as poles. Wire walking is done in different styles such as slack wire, tight wire, high wire, slack lining and freestyle slack lining where by height is the defining term for their differences. It has along history of about 2000 years although it has not been given priority so far. It all started as wire dancing, then grew into walking/ tiptoeing and eventually wire running where the wire walker can walk through a given distance ov er a short period of time (Dickens 1861, 538). It is a type of game that involves the player (walker) and the audience. For one to become a good wire walker a lot of exercise is required added with courage. It is one of the most risky exercise one can engage in because of the dangers that surrounds it including falling from the great height which can result into fractures and dislocations of the body organs and in some extreme cases resulting into death. Not all can be in a position to engage in such a dangerous exercise, apart from those with a passion for it and have some inborn characters which compel and enable them to perform well in such an activity. Wire walking is an occupation which needs a strong mentality and hard working qualities. A strong courage and determination of each wire-walker has, makes them a legend. Examples of wire walkers Several wire walkers can be looked at so as to understand the motivation behind engaging in such a dangerous occupation. Such include, Ad ili Wuxor from China who in 1997 won himself a title â€Å"Prince of high wire walking† because of managing to walk on a steel wire over River Yangtze in 13 minutes 48 seconds. To road towards this achievement was not all that easy but involved some risks and disappointments. To begin with, his father was a wire walker and it is possible that Adili inherited this from his father, although, this same father had left a will that was against any family members to participate in this activity due to the poor pay it had earned him throughout his life, and as a young boy Adili could have been expected to go as per his father’s will, but on the contrary he took the risk by defiling this will.Advertising Looking for research paper on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More He begun doing some exercise though it was not that easy for him especially with the first attempts; he could cry out of fear and even go to an exten d of wetting himself while performing, despite this shameful moves, he did not loose hope but he continued until he gained enough confidence. Money was not an issue to him, despite its meager pay, he continued participating in the dangerous activity, the love he had for this game and the joy he derived from it could not be compared to the payment he was to get at the end. He was even at one time involved in an accident while performing that cost him his ribs and bornes. He even went into a comma, but upon recovery he embarked on the activities he could afford and even dint give a dump in using any safety equipment. It is this determination, consistence and passion that have seen him this far not forgetting to mention his win as the first torch bearer in his town. He forges forward towards making this activity known globally such that those who had taken part in it in the past can gain recognition and eventual lead to the development of this occupation (Prince of High-wire Walking 20 09). Niagara Falls is a place that has gained popularity because of many wire walkers who have tried to challenge it. Several walkers have tried to cross this river which is a very dangerous attempt bearing in mind of its many waters and heavy waves and tides. Blondin was the first one to cross this river on a rope, he subsequently involved in more risky activities such as crossing while carrying his manager and in another occasion while pushing a wheelbarrow, his determination in crossing the river twice a week earned him more confidence and fame where he could attract thousands of spectators. On looking at Blondin performing, another man, Leonard Hunt got attracted and decides to join this occupation, after breaking this news to a girl friend, the relationship breaks but this does not prevent him from taking this risk. Despite his great performances compared to Blondin, he still does not gain favor from the crowds but he keeps engaging in more and more risky acts all with an aim o f outdoing Blondin. At one time a woman he carried fell down into the waters and died after drowning. He is even involved in an accident where he badly broke his leg but still continued in his walk up to a nearest island. Several other walkers challenged the falls including a woman whose demise became a mystery despite the several cases of death involved. This woman was the only one and the first woman to cross the falls on a rope, she did it backwards while blindfolded and with baskets on her feet (French 2008).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Wire Walking’s History and Examples specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The act of crossing this falls is compared to committing suicide with those who survive being referred to as the dare devils. It therefore, takes courage and some unique traits in a person in order to participate in such a game with a lot of passion and enjoyment despite all the risk incl uding death that involves it (Niagara Falls Daredevils n.d). Philippe Petit is another man who has gained fame because of the act of crossing the twin towers on a wire. The towers are several meters high and when he had the idea of walking over between the towers he was discouraged by a friend and even his wife but still could not resist the urge to do it. It took him money and time to prepare on how to under take the risky task bearing in mind how guarded the southern tower was. It took courage to make his first walk despite the threats he received from the observers. After some several trips he gained confidence and now could even perform dances and other activities on the rope while walking. This earned him fame but he still led a poor life besides engaging in this risky occupation. He even got bewildered on looking at the distance he walked once he was downstairs but despite all these, he still could not resist the call in him to still walk and he says that it was not his choice to do this, but he was chosen by this occupation (Higginbotham 2003). Conclusion Wire walking is not an occupation that can earn one a living, it only earns fame. Many are the risks that are involved in its undertaking including death. It is therefore an activity that requires great determination, practice, sacrifice and unique character in one for him/her to carry it on. Works Cited Dickens, Charles. All the year round. Carlifonia: Oxford University. 1868. Print. French, Phillip. He always was highly strung. 2008. Web.Advertising Looking for research paper on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Higginbotham, Adam. Touching the void. 2003. Web. Niagara Falls Daredevils: a History.†Ã‚  Niagara Falls Thunder Alley. Web. Prince of High-wire Walking, AdiliWuxor.  China Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region-The Silk Road-News. Ed. Qian Zhao. 7 May 2009. Web. This research paper on Wire Walking’s History and Examples was written and submitted by user Nahla Mcintosh to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.