Federal Reserve Actions during the Great Depression in 1929 and 1930, Essay

Federal Reserve Actions during the Great Depression in 1929 and 1930, and the Global Economic Recession of 2008 and 2009 - Essay Example The main reason for this is due to the circulation of goods in different continents. Besides, effects of commerce are experienced on a global scale. Therefore, an economic slump in the US will also be faced in Europe and the Far East. There are two critical periods in history whereby the global economy has slumped markedly, affecting millions of people around the world. The first is the Great Depression of the late 1920’s and more recently, the Global Economic Recession of the late 2000’s. Various factors have been implicated in these notable economic slumps in history, but these vary widely according to many economists, pundits and authors of economics books all have given their opinions on what may have caused the Great Depression and the Global Economic Recession. This essay analyses the Great Depression and the Global Economic Recession in detail by analyzing the causes and the role that Federal Reserve Actions played in the economic slumps. The paper also describes opinions concerning the economic slumps from four economists. The first two are Jeremy Attack and Peter Passell, authors of the book, â€Å"A New Economic View of American History: From Colonial Times to 1940†. The other authors are Jonathan Hughes and Louis Cain, authors of, â€Å"American Economic History†. In order to understand arguments put forth by these authors, it is important to analyze the Federal Reserve System and the two economic slumps. The Federal Reserve System Federal Reserve actions have been the countermeasures after the Great Depression and the Global recession of 2008. The Federal Reserve is an independent central bank that works in an independent manner since its actions are not ratified by the Congress or President. The Federal Reserve System was established in 1913 by Congress and its role was to supervise all banking operations in the US by raising or lowering interest rates, and to shape the US economy through institution of various economic policies1. As much as it is independent, this body is still answerable to Congress on various issues. The Federal Reserve System comprises seven Board of Governors members and 12 Federal Reserve banks that are distributed in various cities of the US. The Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) is the policy maker of the Federal Reserve System and it affects monetary policy through many ways, some of which are; Open market operations; altering of reserve requirements and adjusting discount rates. These three tools are used to expand or tighten money supply. An example of this is in inflation. In case the FOMC wants to control inflation, it can restrict and control the US government’s money supply through selling of government securities and increasing the amount of money which banks need to use for reserve requirements2. These two actions by the FOMC remove money away from circulation, hence inflation would be controlled. This is because, a lower supply of money leads to less spe nding, and hence, there will be lower prices. As a result of these, economists argue that Federal Reserve actions are entirely responsible for economic slumps since they control inflation through their actions. Furthermore, the FOMC is able to amplify interest rates for purposes of controlling inflation. This is because, by raising rates of interest, this would make it expensive to borrow money; hence, consumers would find it easier to save money instead of spending it. The result of this is that prices of commodities would be lowered. With time, the initial roles of the Federal Reserve System have expanded due to the changing economic realities. Foe example, the Great Depression changed the manner in which the system operated so that future economic slumps would not be the case. However, this was not the case,

Marketing (as a marketer) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Marketing (as a marketer) - Essay Example In the recessive environment, while pricing has remained the dominant problem, the firms are increasingly facing competition from other macro-environmental factors. The after sales service has become critical to retain customers. An effective distribution and delivery system that focuses on time and place has also become vital part of market strategy (ibid). The fast changing preferences of the customers, technology, environment and ethical considerations have become vital elements that impact organization’s performance outcome. The consumer psychology plays strong role in the development of new products. The market strategy therefore needs to emphasize on brand creation and advertising to suit the segmented market. Wal-Mart’s strategy to introduce private label products should not impact the pricing dynamics of firms like Aveda, Kellogg and Starbucks etc. These firms have already created a niche market for their products and their brand strategy is targeted towards the market segment that strongly believes in the credibility of brands. The perceived value of the products of these companies meets the consumption value and therefore considerably satisfies the target consumer. In the age of advancing technology and globalization, the businesses have become highly competitive. Consumers have become the mainstay of the businesses that has necessitated the need for dynamic market strategies. Indeed, understanding the consumer psychology has become intrinsic part of business decision making. The identification and analysis of consumer behavior at different level of interaction helps the companies to evolve strategies for gaining market position. Thus, product development and market strategy are primarily defined by major segmenting variables like age, gender, income etc. These help provide the firms to develop effective market plans so as to influence the buying decisions of the target market. When

The Evolution Of Rhetoric In The Electronic Age

The Evolution Of Rhetoric In The Electronic Age The reason for this research paper is to discuss the future rhetoric of our new Electronic Generation. Rhetoric is an art of public speaking and, in our day and age, electronics play a major part. This paper will explain the rhetorical aspects of this potential transformation into an all electronic world. The information of this paper will explain the history of rhetoric and how we got to where we are today. It will also speak of some the major philosophers about this change in our new generation. Rhetoric is defined as the art or study of using language effectively and persuasively. From ancient Greece to the late nineteenth century, it was an essential part of Western education to teach public speakers and writers to persuade listeners to action with arguments. At the turn of the 20th century, there was a profound interest of rhetorical study began to grow in the organization of departments of rhetoric and speech at colleges and universities, as well as the development of national and international professional organizations. Some modern theorists believe that it was important to restore the interest of the study of rhetoric because of the renewed importance of language and persuasion in the progressively reconciled environment of the twentieth century and through the twenty-first century, with the media spotlight on the wide difference s and analyses of political rhetoric and its result s. With the expansion of marketing and of mass media such as photography, telegraphy, ra dio, and film, rhetoric is being more notably conveyed into peoples lives. In spite of its legacy as a moral way for persuasion, rhetoric has come to take on negative undertones. Through the years, generations have forgotten whats the real meaning of rhetoric is and has somehow implicate that this word is deceptive and untrustworthy. Today, rhetoric is greatly utilized by mass media in a derogatory manner, particularly when associated to public policies and politicians. Rhetoric as a systematic study was developed by a group of orators, educators, and advocates called Sophists. In the book, The History and Theory of Rhetoric: An Introduction by James Herrick, he states, Sophists employed paradoxes to shock their audiences, but also by this means to provoke debate and inquiry (Herrick, 2009). The Sophists outlook on rhetoric may very well have been the spark that ignited todays global misunderstanding on the meaning behind rhetoric. Sophists viewed rhetoric as a means that could unite pleasure with government. Sophists believed that words had the ability to medicate the audience. Although during this time when rhetoric was a skill with an increasingly expressive demand, it began to alter to a negative nuance as Platos criticisms grew more popular. The most primitive paradigm of rhetoric as a derogatory word can be followed back to Plato and his opinions about the Sophists. As one of Socrates renowned students, Plato often portrayed the Sophists as highly skillful writers who made the most of misleading language methods to persuade and influence audiences. Platos assumption on Sophism, also reiterated through the writings of Isocrates, was based on the gluttony, deception and the general lack of trust and apprehension for justice. Sophists could manipulate speech to make the worse situation appear better. The term Sophism continues to maintain the negative reputation in todays society. In Rereading the Sophists: Classical Rhetoric Refigured, author Susan Jarratt defines sophism as a derogatory term for a carefully crafted yet false argument aimed at deceiving someone (Jarratt, 1998). Sophism is also used today to describe rhetorical circumstances in which emotional demands may be emphasized over logical demands. Sophism and rhetoric have shared these negative connections into our modern era. As Christianity began to extend in the Middle Ages after the fall of the Roman Empire, societies started to connect rhetoric as expressive and fancy, but it was short of any knowledge or general idea. Due to the Church not believing expressiveness was an important aspect to communication and speech, rhetoric was diminished and viewed depreciatively. By the sixteenth century, rhetorics reputation had been revitalized, but some prominent scholars continued to pass judgment on rhetoric. Reformer Peter Ramus questioned rhetoric by stating that rhetoric was mainly a kind of verbal enhancement and as a result of little consequence. As Ramus praised dialectic and called rhetoric into question, rhetoric lost its theoretical influence, and was again viewed as nothing more than a stylistic, pessimistic speech tool. In his scheme of things, the five components of rhetoric no longer lived under the common heading of rhetoric. Instead, invention and disposition were determined to fall solely under the heading of dialectic, while style, delivery, and memory were all that stayed for rhetoric. In The Electronic Word: Technology, Democracy, and Arts written by Richard Lanham, he expresses that Ramus separated thought from language by developing a replica of education in which reason breaks free of speech (Lanham, 1993, pp. 157-158). Language bec ame an impartial tool for conveying the findings of other disciplines, and was no longer viewed as the basis of an art form that has been mastered by an educated person for its own sake. Another major contributor to the development of Western thinking about rhetoric is the great Greek philosopher, Aristotle. Aristotle was a student of Plato who famously set forth an extended treatise on rhetoric that is still repays careful study today. One of the most significant contributions of Aristotles approach was that he saw rhetoric as one of the three basic essentials of philosophy, in conjunction with logic and dialectic. In the opening words of Rhetoric authored by Aristotle, he asserts that rhetoric is the counterpart of dialectic (Aristotle Roberts, 1954, p. 30). Logic, according to Aristotle, is the area of philosophy concerned with ways of thinking to reach scientific assurance while dialectic and rhetoric are concerned with possibility and therefore is the parts of philosophy best suited to human affairs. Dialectic is an instrument for theoretical debate; it is a way for listeners to assess credible knowledge with the intention of learning. Rhetoric is an instrument for sensible debate; it is a way for convincing a common group of listeners using reliable knowledge to resolve practical issues. Dialectic and rhetoric together create a relationship for a method of persuasion derived from knowledge rather than playing on emotion. Today, modern scholars emphasize why rhetoric has taken on a derogatory connotation. They presume that there is a tendency to forget rhetorics past, which has damaged democracy by labeling all political speech as trickery, as well as unsuccessfully teaching the general public to vitally understand and make use of good speech. Richard Lanham (Lanham, 1993, pp. 243-246) disputed that the model of electronic words and texts has a natural potential to encourage democratic discourse and human thinking. Nevertheless, the source for Lanhams optimistic view of the digital age a perception that electronic textually makes no invidious distinctions between high and low culture, commercial and pure usage, talented or chance creation, visual or auditory stimulus, iconic or alphabetic information (Lanham, 1993, pp. 14) is besieged by some basic opposition which not only imply but reinforce all these oppositions. As Richard Lanham documented in his book, The Electronic Word, the presentation of w ords through the static textual display of print is quickly being replaced by the more fluid textual forms of the computer screen, which are radically altering our existing definitions of literacy. Lanham believes these new textual forms such as e-mail, network exchanges, and hypertext are changing our intellectual perception back to the root source of Western rhetoric: We can . . . think of electronic prose as moving back toward the world of oral rhetoric, where gestural symmetries were permitted and sound was omnipresent. Any prose text, by the very nature of the denial/expression tensions that create and animate it, oscillates back and forth between literate self-denial and oral permissiveness, but electronic text does so much more self-consciously, simply by the volatile nature of the written surface. A volatile surface invites us to intensify rather than subdue this oscillation, make it more rather than less self-conscious (Lanham, 1993). In addition, while some may feel the electronic explosion of inert textual structures serves to mark the death of the Western education, as demonstrated in the linear structures of print, Lanham believes it completes fairly the opposite and brings literacy more similar to another oscillation that Western thinking has always displayed. Reflecting the internal tension of elitism versus populism inherent in distinct ludic and resistance versions of postmodern theory, Lanhams digital rhetoric exemplifies an unsure oscillation between critical and aesthetic approaches to hypertext on one hand, and a more popular democratic appreciation of electronic media, the sub-cultural intertextuality of global culture, and hypermedia on the other. As Lanham exemplifies many of the hypermedia theorists and critics retained their privileged literary and critical assumptions, undermining claimed connections to the popular cultural extensions of electronic media. This is possibly because of the opposing and subjective ways in which an all-purpose hypermedia model alternates between focusing on designed interactive descriptions and the act of reading or reception as an essentially unintentional process, and (2) decreases human language and communication generally to the expressions of distinct images and information consequently also supporting an underlying conflict between print-age examples of language-use and the new and ever-present popular electronic culture. The integration of hypertext concept into a general hypermedia framework of electronic literacy is more than only a matter of describing hypermedia as hypertext extended to include electronic multimedia effects such as digitized sound and graphics. Postmodern literary models of meaning as a contingent product and play of open-ended narratives, language games, and reader-response clearly lent themselves to theorizing about hypertext. Such privileged models of textuality, reception, and aesthetic process or objects were implicitly at odds with the semiotic move to go from the subtle and intricate textual allusions of open-ended narratives mediated as verbal language-use to include the media of electronic popular culture in terms of language reduced to and even replaced by electronic imagery obsessed with the transitory fixations of human memory and desi re. The residual print assumptions of a convergence between the hypermedia model of electronic literacy and postmodern critical theories or practices is perhaps most effectively analyzed in terms of how points out, hypertext encourages both writers and readers to confront and work consciously and concretely with deconstruction, intertextuality, the decentering of the author, and the readers complicity with the construction of the text. In other words, the idea of hypertext effectively reinforces the postmodernist theories of such theorists as Barthes, Derrida, and Baudrillard that natural languages and other systems of representationespecially those involving electronic visual mediaare autonomous in relation to the diverse and contingent contexts of individual language users, specific language events, and discrete forms of verbal or visual representation. The twentieth century is perhaps the most exhilarating period in which to study rhetoric since the Middle Age. This has come about with the beginning of what is generally referred to as the New Rhetoric; the rediscovery of rhetorics epistemological significance and the critical role of persuasion and argument to our everyday lives. It is impossible to name all the causes for this new-found importance or all the contributors to the New Rhetoric, but among the most influential we must certainly consider I.A. Richards whose work on metaphor associated rhetoric to literary studies, Chaim Perelman, whose book The New Rhetoric is now a classic, Steven Toulmin, best known for his inquiries of argument, and possibly the most influential rhetorician of our era, Kenneth Burke. In teaching in the Middle Ages and years before, we have determined that rhetoric was a tool to teach students how to write good essays and, in other areas, it was a tool for persuasion. Rhetoric is widely used in business, politics, and technical writing. For example, the structure and style of letters, memos, speeches, and other kinds of documents follow the rhetorical standards. The old rhetoric dealt primarily with the structure and content of an essay or presentation. With New Rhetoric, rhetoric is given new limits. It now includes philosophy and sociology. It is no longer how to inscribe a good essay or speak a good speech, but how well we recognize communication and its influences on our lives. With the discovery of the World Wide Web (WWW), rhetoric had received a new, powerful field of its purpose. For the most part, rhetorical principles reveal its power in different kinds of Web projects. The five parts of the classical notion invention, arrangement, memory, delivery, and styleare one way we might start mediating about how to apply rhetorical ideas to writings in the twenty-first century and beyond. After all, literacy has undergone many changes in the pastfrom orality, to writing, to printand it will likely undergo many more, in ways we cannot even now imagine. We need to think about how computers and computer writing will impact the future of rhetoric, of composition and composition classes, and of literacy itself. Making hypertext documents on the WWW (World Wide Web) offers a wide range of freedom. The most astonishing difference in an electronic document is the skills to provide fairly instant access to the resources you gather during the invention process. To fully exploit the capabilities of hypertext, you should offer hypertext links that lead directly to the material you use in supporting your claims. Providing links to this material involves the audience in the invention process; your audience can have access to your primary materials and verify the validity of your evidence. Locating supporting information is greatly facilitated by search engines that can explore the Web for you, tracking down useful and relevant evidence to support your own presentations. In addition, many Web sites grant permission to use their digitized images. In an electronic document, there is no easy distinction between a beginning, middle, and an end. Determining a suitable arrangement for your electronic document depends on your creativity. Innovative arrangements are largely a matter of style can have powerful emotional appeal for an audience. Gorgias recognized the persuasive power of atypical uses of language, for changes in the usual order and meaning affected the audience. Today in the electronic age, Gorgias insights still remains true, but of course their submissions have expanded. Writing documents for the WWW creates an entirely new world, or cyberspace, one wide open to new ways of expression, and maybe meaning. An image, like a figure of speech can communicate meaning and provide your rhetorical principle. The same can be said for color. Color, like a trope, covers your meaning, provides your reason or at least it can. Of course, and image, and color has to provide a purpose but it must be suitable to the situation. Memory is fourth of the ancient standard of rhetoric. In the ancient law courts and assemblies, men were often called upon to deliver speeches without the help of written comments. The Greeks and Romans developed intricate memory systems that allowed them to give speeches precisely as it was written. Memory on the Web means some entirely different. Most people take it to mean the ways that readers can remember where they are and where they have been while they surf the net. In the days when text was written only to be conveyed verbally, the ability to persuasively delivery of a speech was one of the premier talents. Delivery is obviously related to the other standards, especially style, because your usefulness as an orator of text varying in large parts on the method of delivery that you chooses. In the hypertext world, delivery takes on some new obstacles. Were no longer certain who will be listening to our speech, nor are we positive that theyll even hear it the same way. The documents we generate are read by browsers, which decipher the HTML code for presenting on the monitor. Because each of these browsers maintains very different features, successful delivery is contingent on writing documents that predict the difference among browsers. Rhetoric, this art of persuasion, totally distorted our insight of the truth. Everything depends on the ability of speaker or writer to affectively captivate the audience using his or her credibility, detailed style, and compelling arguments. Anything can be shown as the truth. Due to this capability to alter anything to the truth the Rhetoric became an indispensable tool in the business communication. How to persuade people to purchase goods, services, ideasanything, that business word generates? How to encourage them that this is a necessity or this is the truth? It cannot be accomplished without rhetoric. The rhetorical theories had been altered by our highly technological age, but they did not modify in their real meaning. There is the truth that subsist in rhetoricits values itself. Rhetoric has not lost its inability in 21st century, but vice versa, we can observe that rhetorical theories reveal itself in any document individually from technology that was used for its establishing. On the one handRhetorical theories are used in todays writing, publishing, and electronic documents as a way of persuasion. On the other handrhetoric is no longer an essential humanist study of structure and content but a study on how and why we communicate and what we can learn from the methods of communication.

moralhf Essays - Morality in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn :: Adventures Huckleberry Huck Finn Essays

Morality in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn In every persons life at one point they will have to make a choice based on their moral beliefs. These decisions can show what a person believes in right from the start. In Mark Twains' The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn the main character Huck, makes two very important moral decisions. The first being how he treats Jim when he first meets him at Jackson's Island and the second is to tear up the letter to Miss Watson out of his love for Jim. When Huck first runs away from Pap he goes to Jackson's Island and thinks that he is the only person there. He soon finds out that this is not true, and that "Miss Watsons Jim"(41) is taking refuge there as well. Many people would hate to be alone on an island with a "nigger"(43), but Huck is instead happy to have someone to converse with. At first Jim thinks he sees Hucks ghost and is petrified. Huck eases Jims feelings by changing the subject and saying "It's good daylight, le's get breakfast"(41), showing that Huck is not only real but he does not mind that Jim is black. Jim feels that Huck might tell on him for running away, but he then decides that it will be okay to tell him why he ran away from Miss Watson. Jim keeps asking Huck if he is going to tell anyone about his running away, and Huck replies "People would call me a low down abolitionist and despise me for keeping mum but that don't make no difference I aint gonna tell"(43). Hucks response truly shows that hi s ignorance has no bearing over his moral kindness. When taken into consideration good morality is much more important in the long run than being the most intelligent person. After journeying with Jim for quite some time Huck begins to feel bad about harboring a runaway slave. He decides to write a letter to Miss Watson explaining the whole story, because Jim had been sold and he does not know where he is. Huck was indeed confused about what he should do so he dropped he dropped to his knees and began to pray.

Pocahontas – Cultural Anthropology

Writing Assignment #1: The Cultural Construction of the Idea of Progress Film chosen: Pocahontas One of Walt Disney’s most famous films, Pocahontas, takes place in the 1600s, as the British discover parts of the â€Å"New World† that are inhabited by native Americans. In this film, we are able to contrast the primitive lifestyle and culture of the Native Americans to that of the British, and are able to see how the ideas of â€Å"progress† or social evolution play a role in the ethnocentric bias held by the Westerners during this time, causing the primitive stereotypes to be built.Disney uses the structure of the characters themselves- what they wear, how they speak, what they eat, what they believe in, etc. ; and the plot line of the film, to depict the cultural construction of the idea of â€Å"progress†, and evoke the opposing ideas of the â€Å"primitive other† and â€Å"civilized self†. This film opens showing us the life of the British as they board the ship and while they’re sailing at sea. Disney starts off with the British because we as westerners relate to the British, and see their way of life as normal and civilized.We immediately relate to the color of their skin, their westernized clothing, the way they speak, and the technology they have access too. While on the boat, John Smith (the male protagonist) refers to the Native American Indians as â€Å"savages† who should be killed if they get in the way. This gives us a sneak peak into the mindset of the British and how negatively they view the Native Americans. Leaving us with the belief that the Indians are savages, Disney then introduces Pocahontas (the female protagonist) and the Indian tribe that has been living in the New World.Immediately we are exposed to the primitive lifestyle of the Indians. We see that their way of traveling is by wooden canoes, their clothing consist of a brown cloth that covers very little while they also do not ha ve on shoes, they live in tents, and have nothing but nature at it’s purest form surrounding them. We see the women out in the fields gathering corn by hand, while the men are coming home from battle, with only bows and arrows and spears for weapons.The initial reaction to seeing the culture and way of life amongst the Indians is to see them as â€Å"uncivilized† and â€Å"savage†, just as John Smith was saying on the boat. However throughout the film Disney begins to challenge this belief and shows us that the westerner’s way of life may not be the best way of life for everyone. Up until this point, John Smith and the rest of the English men had been discovering new places and finding Native American’s that had been living for many years on these foreign lands.The Europeans always saw these natives as uncivilized, barbaric savages, who needed to be taken over and â€Å"westernized†. John Smith makes a comment to Pocahontas about how they co uld make the Indians life better, and build them roads and tall buildings, and teach them how to â€Å"make the most of their land†. This is a perfect example of the ethnocentric bias mentality of the Europeans. They never once considered that someone else’s way of living and culture could actually be a successful.They thought that their way was the best way, and anything else was just an underdeveloped, barbaric lifestyle that needed to progress into the westernized lifestyle. After John Smith makes this comment about â€Å"bettering the Indian’s life styles† Pocahontas is deeply offended and proceeds to sing the popular song, The Colors of the Wind. In this song Pocahontas calls John Smith out on his ethnocentric stance and shows him her point of view, in singing: â€Å"You think you own whatever land you land on, The earth is just a dead thing you can claim, But I know every rock and tree and creature, Has a life, has a spirit, has a name.You think th e only people who are people, Are the people who look and think like you, But if you walk the footsteps of a stranger, You'll learn things you never knew you never knew. † For the first time John Smith begins to listen to Pocahontas and realizes how ignorant him and his crew have been to think they can claim any land they come across, treating the natives like wild beasts.All this time the Europeans have looked down upon the primitive culture of the natives, thinking that they were sub-human, and needed to be nurtured and tamed just like animals; however in this moment John Smith see’s the free spirit in Pocahontas, and he admires her connection to the nature all around her. He begins to see that the Natives are just normal human beings in their natural element, a thriving off of the world around them, with no need of technology, or any of the advancements the westerners were bringing to the New World.Overall, Disney’s film, Pocahontas, does a wonderful job contr asting the cultures of the â€Å"primitive other† and â€Å"civilized self† with Pocahontas and the Indians as the primitive other and John Smith and the Europeans as the civilized self. We are able to see through the Europeans, their ethnocentrism, and their naive attitudes that leads them to believe they own whatever land they land on and can treat the natives however they want. Disney however plays out this film in a way to show us his view on this ethnocentric bias and how he believes it to be wrong and unlawful.He makes the viewer side with the Indians and portrays the Indians as the good guys and the Europeans as the bad guys. Disney was trying to send a message that this whiteness way of thinking is not always correct and can sometimes bring harm to others even when its not intentional. Works Cited: Pocahontas. Walt Disney Feature Animation, 1995. Film. Seriff, Suzanne. â€Å"Cultural Anthropology: ANT 302. † University of Texas. Spring 2013.

Being a Blonde Haired Girl

Throughout my life many times I have heard the common snickering of†¦. â€Å"What do you call a blonde with half a brain? †Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. â€Å"Gifted! †, or â€Å"What do a blonde and a coke bottle have in common? †Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ â€Å"They are both empty from the neck up! † Although, yes, many times people find themselves cracking up at these dumb ‘harmless’ jokes, they are unconsciously supporting the stereotype that blondes are stupid. Even though these jokes are meant to be inoffensive; to some they remain stereotypical and inevitably discriminative.It is common in our society, no matter what the situation is, for a person to involuntarily judge another primarily based on their outward appearance before they obtain any knowledge of what kind of person they are. Universally, Blonde women are denounced as dumb, before they have even released a breath, or even spoken a word to give an acquaintance a mere hint of their intelligence leve l. Despite the fact that many blondes ‘hate’ to be perceived as dumb, our society is making it incredibly hard to avoid with the use of celebrities, actresses, movies, and tabloids.Being a blonde woman has put me in a group whether I like it or not. Being blonde has negative and positive effects on a person with this hair color. First of all, let's take a little look at where this whole â€Å"dumb blonde† idea comes from. One theory is that the ancient. Greeks and Romans so admired their flaxen-haired neighbors to the north, they would bleach their hair to make it blonde. Seeing as they didn't exactly have the health standards we have today, a considerable amount of bleach repeatedly placed on the scalp and being inhaled could have some effect on one's mental status.Another theory is that in the Middle Ages, while the lords and ladies pranced around and shaded their delicate features, common people worked outdoors in the fields and became tanned and their hair gr ew lighter. As the lower classes didn't usually have a formal education, tan skin and blonde hair became associated with unintelligent, lower class people. Then there is the ever famous book by Anita Loos and the movie based upon it, Gentlemen Prefer Blondes, starring Marilyn Monroe. Released in 1953, this story about two showgirls-a clueless blonde and a sassy brunette.While perhaps highlighting the â€Å"fun† side of blondes (in fact, brunette women held a demonstration protesting the movie, showing that brunettes could be just as much fun), this certainly did nothing to showcase their intelligence. â€Å"In a study conducted by a psychology professor at the University of Coventry in Britain, 120 men and women assessed photographs of a 21-year-old woman wearing a brown, red, natural blonde or platinum wig. The platinum blonde was rated less intelligent by the participants, particularly by the men. (McGinn) Blonde hair in women has been considered attractive and desirable a nd secondly, the belief that a blonde woman makes little use of her intelligence and relied more on her looks. This stereotype is a combination of historical stereotype, bad press, and human nature. Starting with history, blonde hair is a recessive trait, and therefore somewhat rarer than brown or black hair. Traditionally, this has made it more attractive and desirable. Hence blonde haired woman are perceived to be more beautiful than dark haired women.This can be deemed as a positive stereotyping. However, there is a negative stereotype as well. The dumb blonde is a popular-culture derogatory stereotype, intended to portray the blondes as very beautiful but dumb. Dumb blonde stereotyping entered the American culture in 1900s. Blondes are stereotyped as â€Å"beauties without brains†. This image of the blonde has been exploited in culture, literature, advertising and movies. These, in combination with other forms of media have given the ever-lasting perception of blonde-ster eotypes.The blonde-haired women have been portrayed as dumb-blondes. For example, Gentlemen Prefer Blondes, a novel, a Broadway musical and a film, exploited the idea of blonde's charm. Many blond actresses have played stereotypical â€Å"dumb blondes† in movies and sitcoms and this has further caused the people to stereotype blondes. â€Å"As a naturally blonde woman I find that I? m defending myself on a daily basis, having to assure people that I? m not an idiot and remonstrate my own common sense against their assumptions of my stupidity.People either assume that anyone with blonde hair must unquestionably be a ‘bimbo’ or if not, feel that they have the right to make jokes to the same effect at your expense. I agree completely that the many young, attractive women who dye their hair blonde and morph into tanned, plastically enhanced Barbie dolls to compensate for their lack of intellectualism, while not making them any less deserving of defense, does give wo men who just happen to be born with blonde hair a bad press. † (Littlemore) Blonde jokes are set to be banned in Hungary after a group of women staged an angry demonstration outside parliament. The protesters handed in a petition claiming they were being discriminated against in every walk of life by bad taste blonde jokes. Their spokesperson Zsuzsa Kovacs said: ‘Blondes face discrimination in the job market, in the workplace and even on the streets. ’† (Unknown) â€Å"Blonde-haired women earn seven percent more than women with other hair colors researchers claim, suggesting looks are worth more than intelligence if stereotypes are correct.The Telegraph reports that the study found that not only do blonde women earn more than darker haired counterparts in the workplace, that they also marry wealthier men, who earn an average of six per cent more than the husbands of other women. The study in the journal, Economics Letters reported that having blonde hair bo osts pay by $3,000 a year for a woman earning the average salary. † (Olsen) The power and control attached to this specific hair color can be useful for any individual. Sometimes it can get a person out of a tricky situation.For example, if a blonde does something stupid, she can pass it off as a so-called â€Å"blonde moment. † Instead of making fun, people will think, â€Å"Aww, cute. That was so silly. † Jessica Simpson made her fortune on this type of situation. Or say a blonde wants to really wow others. She could, with a little persistence, play the dumb blonde for a while. The setup may take quite some time, but when the conversation turns to a topic she knows well or has a strong opinion on, she can unleash all the intelligence she's been hiding.Being blonde has negative and positive effects on a person with this hair color. The dumb blonde stereotype will probably never go away. It hurts sometimes when being referred to as a dumb blonde when in fact that isn’t the case. No matter what the hair color, everyone has a â€Å"dumb blonde† moment every now and then. Also, blondes stick out in a crowd and are noticed more which is nice when it comes to meeting guys or when you’re competing for a job. Also, playing a dumb blonde can even get you what you want without anyone really knowing. Personally, I love that I’m a natural blonde.I currently am trying a new hair color but am finding that it still doesn’t compare to being blonde.Work Cited Littlemore, Vikki. â€Å"The Wrong Blonde Joke. † American Chronicle. Ultio, LLC. , 05 Jun 2009. Web. 8 Nov 2010. . McGinn, Dave. â€Å"Office blonde jokes no laughing matter. † The Globe and Mail. CTVglobemedia Publishing Inc. , 24 Nov 2009. Web. 8 Nov 2010. . Olsen, David. â€Å"Blonde Women Earn More Despite ‘Dumb' Stereotype. † Dynamic Business. Dynamic Business, 06 Apr 2010. Web. 8 Nov 2010. . Unknown. â€Å"Blonde Discrimination is n o Joke in Hungary. † IOL News. Independent Online, 24 Nov 2004. Web. 8 Nov 2010. .

Alexander Graham Bell, Inventor of the Telephone

Alexander Graham Bell, Inventor of the Telephone Alexander Graham Bell (March 3, 1847–August 2, 1922) invented the telephone in 1876 when he was just 29 years old. Soon after, he formed the Bell Telephone Company. Bell could have easily been content with the success of his invention. His many laboratory notebooks demonstrate, however, that he was driven by a genuine and rare intellectual curiosity that kept him regularly searching, striving, and always wanting to learn more and to create.   He would continue to test out new ideas throughout a long and productive life. This included exploring the realm of communications as well as engaging in a wide variety of scientific pursuits that involved kites, airplanes, tetrahedral structures, sheep-breeding, artificial respiration, desalinization, water distillation, and even hydrofoils. Fast Facts: Alexander Graham Bell Known For: Inventing the telephoneBorn: March 3, 1847 in Edinburgh, ScotlandParents: Alexander Melville Bell, Eliza Grace Symonds BellDied: August 2, 1922 in  Nova Scotia, CanadaEducation: University of Edinburgh (1864), University College London (1868)Publications: A founding member of the  National Geographic Society, he helped launce Science magazineAwards and Honors: Albert Medal (1902), John Fritz Medal (1907), Elliott Cresson Medal (1912)Spouse: Mabel Hubbard  (m.  1877–1922)Children: Elsie May, Marian Hubbard, Edward, RobertNotable Quote: The inventor looks upon the world and is not contented with things as they are. He wants to improve whatever he sees, he wants to benefit the world; he is haunted by an idea. The spirit of invention possesses him, seeking materialization. Early Life Bell was born on March 3, 1847, to Alexander Melville and Eliza Symonds  in Edinburgh, Scotland. He was immersed in the study of sound from the beginning. His father, uncle, and grandfather were authorities on elocution and speech therapy for the deaf. It was understood that Bell would follow in the family footsteps after finishing college. However, after Bells two other brothers died of tuberculosis, Bell and his parents decided to immigrate to Canada in 1870. After a brief period living in Ontario, the Bells moved to Boston, where they established speech-therapy practices specializing in teaching deaf children to speak. One of Alexander Graham Bells pupils was a young Helen Keller, who when they met was not only blind and deaf but also unable to speak. In 1872, Bell met Boston attorney Gardiner Greene Hubbard, who would become one of his financial backers and his father-in-law. Bell began to court Hubbards daughter, Mabel, in 1873. They married in 1877. From Telegraph to Telephone The telegraph and telephone are both wire-based electrical systems, and Bells success with the telephone came as a direct result of his attempts to improve the telegraph. When he began experimenting with electrical signals, the telegraph had been an established means of communication for some 30 years. Although a highly successful system, the telegraph was basically limited to receiving and sending one message at a time. Bells extensive knowledge of the nature of sound and his understanding of music enabled him to conjecture the possibility of transmitting multiple messages over the same wire at the same time. Although the idea of a multiple telegraph had been in existence for some time, no one had been able to fabricate one- until Bell. His harmonic telegraph was based on the principle that several notes could be sent simultaneously along the same wire if the notes or signals differed in pitch. Talk With Electricity By October 1874, Bells research had progressed to the extent that he could inform his future father-in-law about the possibility of a multiple telegraph. Hubbard, who resented the absolute control then exerted by the Western Union Telegraph Company, instantly saw the potential for breaking such a monopoly and gave Bell the financial backing he needed. Bell proceeded with his work on the multiple telegraph, but he did not tell Hubbard that he and Thomas Watson, a young electrician whose services he had enlisted, were also developing a device that would transmit speech electrically. While Watson worked on the harmonic telegraph at the insistent urging of Hubbard and other backers, Bell secretly met in March 1875 with Joseph Henry, the respected director of the Smithsonian Institution, who listened to Bells ideas for a telephone and offered encouraging words. Spurred on by Henrys positive opinion, Bell and Watson continued their work. By June 1875, the goal of creating a device that would transmit speech electrically was about to be realized. They had proven that different tones would vary the strength of an electric current in a wire. To achieve success, they needed only to build a working transmitter with a membrane capable of varying electronic currents and a receiver that would reproduce these variations in audible frequencies. Mr. Watson, Come Here On June 2, 1875, while experimenting with his harmonic telegraph, Bell and Watson discovered that sound could be transmitted over a wire. It was a completely accidental discovery. Watson was trying to loosen a reed that had been wound around a transmitter when he plucked it by accident. The vibration produced by that gesture traveled along the wire into a second device in the other room where Bell was working. The twang Bell heard was all the inspiration that he and Watson needed to accelerate their work. They continued to work into the next year. Bell recounted the critical moment in his journal:   I then shouted into M [the mouthpiece] the following sentence: Mr. Watson, come here- I want to see you. To my delight, he came and declared that he had heard and understood what I said. Other Inventions Alexander Graham Bells curiosity also led him to speculate on the nature of heredity, initially among the deaf and later with sheep born with genetic mutations. He conducted sheep-breeding experiments at his estate to see if he can increase the numbers of twin and triplet births.   In other instances, it drove him to try to come up with novel solutions on the spot whenever problems arose. In 1881, he hastily constructed a metal detector as a way to try and locate a bullet lodged in President James Garfield after an assassination attempt. He would later improve this and produced a device called a telephone probe, which would make a telephone receiver click when it touched metal. And when Bells newborn son, Edward, died from respiratory problems, he responded by designing a metal vacuum jacket that would facilitate breathing. The apparatus was a forerunner of the iron lung used in the 1950s to aid polio victims. Other ideas he dabbled in included inventing the audiometer to detect minor hearing problems and conducting experiments with what today are called energy recycling and alternative fuels. Bell also worked on methods of removing salt from seawater. Flight Technology These interests may be considered minor activities compared to the time and effort he put into making advances in flight technology. By the 1890s, Bell had begun experimenting with propellers and kites, which led him to apply the concept of the tetrahedron (a solid figure with four triangular faces) to kite design as well as to create a new form of architecture.   In 1907, four years after the Wright Brothers first flew at Kitty Hawk, Bell formed the Aerial Experiment Association with Glenn Curtiss, William Casey Baldwin, Thomas Selfridge, and J.A.D. McCurdy, four young engineers with the common goal of creating airborne vehicles. By 1909, the group had produced four powered aircraft, the best of which, the Silver Dart, made a successful powered flight in Canada on February 23, 1909. Later Years and Death Bell spent the last decade of his life improving hydrofoil designs. In 1919, he and Casey Baldwin built a hydrofoil that set a world water-speed record that was not broken until 1963. Months before he died, Bell told a reporter, There cannot be mental atrophy in any person who continues to observe, to remember what he observes, and to seek answers for his unceasing hows and whys about things. Bell died on Aug. 2, 1922,  at his estate in Nova Scotia, Canada. Other Works and Legacy Although working with the deaf would remain Bells principal source of income, he continued to pursue his own studies of sound throughout his life. Bells unceasing scientific curiosity led to the  invention of the photophone, a device that allowed for the transmission of sound on a beam of light. Despite being known for his invention of the telephone, Bell regarded the photophone as the greatest invention I have ever made; greater than the telephone. The invention set the foundation upon which todays laser and fiber optic communication systems are founded, though it would take the development of several modern technologies to fully capitalize on this breakthrough. With the enormous technical and financial success of his telephone invention, Bells future was secure enough so that he could devote himself to other scientific interests. For example, in 1881, he used the $10,000 award for winning Frances Volta Prize to set up the Volta Laboratory in Washington, D.C. A believer in scientific teamwork, Bell worked with two associates: his cousin Chichester Bell and Charles Sumner Tainter, at the Volta Laboratory. Their experiments produced such major improvements in Thomas Edisons phonograph that it became commercially viable. After his first visit to Nova Scotia in 1885, Bell set up another laboratory there at his estate Beinn Bhreagh (pronounced Ben Vreeah), near Baddeck, where he would assemble other teams of bright young engineers to pursue new and exciting ideas heading into the future. Sources Vanderbilt, Tom. â€Å"A Brief History of the Telephone, From Alexander Graham Bell to the iPhone.†Ã‚  Slate Magazine, Slate, 15 May 2012.â€Å"The History of the Telephone.†Ã‚  Google Books.infoundiscoveredscotland.co.uk, Undiscovered Scotland: â€Å"Undiscovered Scotland: Alexander Graham Bell.†Ã‚  Scotfax: Religion in Scotland on Undiscovered Scotland.A Century of Lawmaking for a New Nation: U.S. Congressional Documents and Debates, 1774 - 1875: The Alexander Graham Bell Family Papers. Charles Magnus.

The Democratic System essays

The Democratic System essays The democratic political system has proved to be one of the best systems of government of all time. In a democratic system of government the majority rule is how decisions are reached. Usually with a vote from a group of people whether it be the elected officials in office, or the lower ranking registered voters. Special interest groups are constantly approaching the democratic political system. These groups consist of people that share the same views on a certain issue. They try to push their cause and convince elected government officials to support them. The United States is considered to be a highly organized technological society. Thanks to the massive amount of industry it has. The United States is very diverse with cultural, economic, educational, ethnic, and religious backgrounds of people. Since there is so much diversity special interest groups tend to form because of this. It is said that the United States is often a pluralist democracy according to theorists at David Trumans school. So many special interest groups are protesting their views, but wont be heard because of the large number of groups. So the government policy is the result of competition among the groups, which represent the varied interests of the people. The middle or upper class dominates these rival pressure groups, and group activities are dominated by people with business-related interests. What about the lower class? The middle and upper class rule the interest groups and the lower class have relatively little voice. The lower class is more likely to la sh out explosively rather than organizing peacefully. So much grievances have built up in the lower class that a reasonable approach is out of the question. Do special interest groups obstruct the principle of majority rule in a democratic political system? It is safe to say that interest groups do have pull in how decisions are made in government. They voice their opinion an...

10 Cool Facts About Lithium

10 Cool Facts About Lithium Here are some facts about lithium, which is element atomic number 3 on the periodic table. Lithium is the third element in the periodic table, with 3 protons and the element symbol Li.  It has an atomic mass of 6.941.  Natural lithium is a mixture of two stable isotopes (Lithium-6 and Lithium-7).  Lithium-7 accounts for over 92% of the natural abundance of the element.Lithium is an alkali metal.  It is silver-white in pure form and so soft it can be cut with a butter knife.  It has one of the lowest melting points and a high boiling point for a metal.Lithium metal burns white, though it imparts a crimson color to a flame.  This is the characteristic that led to its discovery as an element.  In the 1790s, it was known that the mineral petalite  (LiAISi4O10)  burned crimson in a fire. By 1817, the Swedish chemist  Johan August Arfvedson had determined the mineral contained an unknown element responsible for the colored flame. Arfvedson named the element, although he was unable to purify it as a pure metal. It wasnt until 1855 that British chemist  Augus tus Matthiessen and German chemist Robert Bunsen finally managed to purify lithium from lithium chloride. Lithium does not occur free in nature, though it is found in nearly all igneous rocks and in mineral springs.  It was one of three elements produced by the Big Bang, along with hydrogen and helium. However, the pure element is so reactive its only found naturally bonded to other elements to form compounds.  The natural abundance of the element in the Earths crust is about 0.0007%. One of the mysteries surrounding lithium is that the amount of lithium believed to have been produced by the Big Bang is about three times higher than what scientists see in the oldest stars.  In the Solar System, lithium is much less common than 25 of the first 32 chemical elements, probably because the atomic nucleus of lithium is practically unstable, with two stable isotopes possessing extremely low binding energies per nucleon.Pure lithium metal is extremely corrosive and requires special handling.  Because it reacts with air and water, the metal is stored under oil or enclosed in an inert atmo sphere. When lithium catches fire, the reaction with oxygen makes it difficult to extinguish the flames. Lithium is the lightest metal  and the least dense solid element, with a density about half that of water. In other words, if lithium did not react with water (which it does, somewhat vigorously), it would float.Among other uses, lithium is used in medicine, as a heat transfer agent, for making alloys, and for batteries. Although lithium compounds are known to stabilize mood, scientists still dont know the exact mechanism for the effect on the nervous system. What is known is that reduces activity of the receptor for the neurotransmitter dopamine and that it can cross the placenta to affect an unborn child.The transmutation of lithium to tritium was the first man-made nuclear fusion reaction.The name for lithium comes from Greek lithos which means stone. Lithium occurs in most igneous rocks, although it does not occur free in nature.Lithium metal is made by electrolysis of fused lithium chloride.

Parenting of adolecents Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Parenting of adolecents - Essay Example Parenting is harder in this current world because many parents do not seem to know when too much fear is too much, or when they are not displaying enough concern. Some parents fear more than they should, which often results in their adolescents being uncertain and scared of the world. Instead of growing up and exploring the world that is available to them, they prefer to remain under the protection of their parents -- something that many parents are more than happy to offer if it means not having to let go of their children. Stepping back enough to let their children grow and move on is perhaps the hardest part of parenting in general. There are parents that do not feel that they have taught their children everything they need to know about growing up and living on their own. Due to this, some parents just increase their overprotection, which can be seen as an unconscious attempt at keeping their children from leaving. Parents seldom know when they have taught their children all that they can to prepare them for the world. Unfortunately, this is when many of the unfounded fears come out. As a result, a parent can either push their child away, or they can make their children have their own unfounded fears.

Week 5 dq Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Week 5 dq - Assignment Example   policy  management  direct  system  and the significant roles of  rational  capital  or knowledge of  administration  in organizational  commerce  process  are some of the measures used in strategic control  process.  Balanced scorecard  is used  to align company behaviors to the vision and  policy  of the company, improve internal and  peripheral  communications, and  examine  organization  activities against planned targets (Nooreklit, 2000). The change of  policy  into its  application  is beginning by comprehending the obstacles or difficulties in the process of policy execution. This  context  illustrates how  strategy  formulation is  vital  in every company. Strategic management deals with the  essential  planned  direction  of the  business  in terms of its  association  with its environment. It  is centered  on the company as a whole and could  stress  the  lasting  procedures like the return on savings and alterations in shareholder significance. Policy  control  metrics may be classified as regarding either  peripheral  value or  internal  competence. Flexibility overlies these classifications. It links to  effectiveness  and  competence  (Nooreklit, 2000). Hence, a company must be peripherally flexible in reacting to altering  consumer  needs and internally supple in reordering its organizational arrangements and retraining workers. Internal  competence  measures include cycle time, production and waste. Policy controls may be used as a method of explaining what excellent performance is, making  clear  the trade-offs connecting profit and savings and introducing  persona l  stretch goals. The reason why measures used in planned controlled control  procedure  is  necessary  is because it gives the company a sense of direction. Although objectives, functional tactics, and action  item  are included  in  several  implementation plans, a number of organizations have a  difficult  time reflecting the plans they  create. This is because some organizations

The Education system of China Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Education system of China - Essay Example The other stage is secondary education; this stage is classified in two groups, specialized education and the academic secondary education (Wang 27). The academic lower and upper middle schools are obligated to provide academic secondary education. On the other hand, a student going for vocational secondary education or specialized education can attend training for two or four years. This system provides training more low skilled personnel, technician, managers and farmers. A student at this category can attend undergraduate level of either two or three years. The two options are also known as short cycle colleges, four-year colleges and universities. They provide both academic and vocational training to students. The Chinese universities and colleges provide graduate programs that make it possible for students to attain Masters or Ph.D. degree. Additionally, undergraduate level is available in either three years or four-year educational program. Three-year program is available in short cycle colleges, universities and four-year colleges. The four-year program is offered in universities and four-year colleges. The difference here is that a student taking four-year program does not attain a bachelor’s degree (Chapman et al. 271). Adult education in Chinese educational system is a reflection of the other two categories, higher education and basic education. They include adult primary education that covers, workers primary education, education for illiterate persons and peasant farmer’s education. Secondary education covers TV and radio specialized education. Peasant and some adult workers are also provided with adult specialized secondary education. TV and radio universities are some of the categories included in Adult higher education program. Other systems available in adult higher education include worker’s colleges, cadre institutes and the correspondence colleges. The mentioned systems of adult education are available in a

Religion and politics in the United States Research Paper

Religion and politics in the United States - Research Paper Example Ground Zero became a symbol for American perseverance and a shrine for all the lives lost in the tragedy. Ten years later, plans have been made to build a mosque near the site which has caused much strife in the American public. The construction of an identity that is rejected by the traditional American has been the result. This society is based on the exclusion of those who oppose the dominant ideology as opposed to including diverse ideology out of appreciation. Indeed the history of the U.S. has been a history of the exclusion of various groups at multiple points throughout the history of the nation. The current conflict is merely an extention of previous conflicts manifested with a new enemy. The best means of fully understanding this conflict is through an analysis of current and historical events, social transformations, and American narratives. The plans to build the 100 million dollar mosque were headlined by Sharif El-Gamal who has stood for religious freedom in the face of adversity and hate (Baum, 2011). In fact, recent polls indicated that most New York inhabitants did not want to have a mosque near the cite (Baum, 2011). In spite of this, Michael Bloomberg defended religious freedom by stating that â€Å"there is no neighborhood in this city off-limits to God's love and mercy (Baum, 2011)." On the opposite side of the table was Pamela Geller who is a conservative activist that leverages her blog, Atlas Shrugs, to attack El-Gamal for being a front man for the money behind the project as well as for Islamic supremacist who believe in constructing a mosque near the site of a war victory (Baum, 2011). Ironically, a current candidate for president, Donald Trump, used money as an incentive to attempt to get the mosque moved to a different location. In response, El-Gamal asked, "Are we supposed to move so we can create a Muslim-free zone, Muslim-free blocks (Baum, 2011)?" He was furious with the notion that the criminal act that occurred on September 11 th is a representation of all Muslims. In terms of the historical relationship between Islam and Christianity, the two communities have shared conflict and feuds. The reason why Islam is being compared to Christianity is because it is the primary religion in the U.S (Gaustad, 2004). Empirical examples that prove this to be true is the fact that currency holds that â€Å"In God We Trust† and each day we pledge allegiance, it is â€Å"Under God†. When these two concepts came under heat by activist, it was the Christians that stood in defense of the terms. Much like that situation, Christian sects are arising to contest the establishment of the mosque (Sachedina, 2001). This conflicts stems all the way back to the year 1095 where the first crusades began. The crusades were a series of religiously sanctioned wars where followers fought over a rite of passage (Stokes, 1950). It seems as if Christianity is consistently attempt to stop the spread of Islam as is proven in the Crusades where the cause was because of the attempt to recapture Jerusalem from Muslim rule. While Jerusalem served as the birthplace of the Christian figure Jesus, It serves as the point of ascension into heaven for the Islamic figure Muhammad. In fact, the Bill of Rights already settles the issue concerning the mosque by establishing Freedom of Religion as an essential right of all Americans (Stokes, 1950). It states that Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof (Mutua, 2004). This means that the formation of the country was more geared towards the free exercise of religion as opposed to the persecution of individuals who don’

Arts & Visual Literacy Exploring Visual Tactics and Strategies Assignment

Arts & Visual Literacy Exploring Visual Tactics and Strategies - Assignment Example The essay will relay more information on the visual literacy and some of the tactics used by Frida Kahlo as depicted in her portrait, â€Å"The Two Fridas†. The portrait is a full description of Frida’s two different personalities. On the right is the image of Frida holding an amulet, the amulet bears the image of Diego, her former husband. The image on the right portrays a Frida that was not only respected but also loved by Diego and the amulet having Diego’s image is evident how close they were while still couples (â€Å"Frida Kahlo Fans†). The image also Shows Frida wearing a Tehuana costume, this costume was always worn by native Mexican women and by wearing it, Frida portrayed her love for Diego who was a Mexican. Conversely, on the left is a very different Frida. Unlike the Frida on the right who is in love, the other Frida is in pain and anguish since she is no longer married. She is wearing a white Victorian wedding gown symbolizing she was once married and the wedding gown is the proof. Unlike the first Frida that was holding an amulet bearing Diego’s image, the Frida in white is holding surgical pincers. The amulet in Frida’s arms is the source of a vein that goes through the women’s hearts. The Frida in Tehuana costume is not bothered with the vein connecting her with Diego because she is in love; conversely, the rejected Frida has cut the vein linking her to Diego. Cutting the vein has caused bleeding and Frida is not able to stop it, this symbolizes that after the being divorced, she went through trauma to the extent that she felt like dying (â€Å"Frida Kahlo Fans†). The two Fridas hearts are exposed; the heart of Frida in love is whole whereas the divorced Frida has a broken heart. This is clear indication that Frida is in in agony after her lover left her and in the process left her heart incomplete with no one to

Service Learning Reflection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Service Learning Reflection - Essay Example With the experience and learning I gained, I am now more inspired to do my best and serve as a nurse where ever I am needed. Service Learning at Papakolea Garden Since I was a little kid, I have always seen myself as a nurse. Working in the hospital, wearing the coveted white uniform or scrubs, doing rounds, filling patients’ charts, handing out medicines, serving as the doctor’s or surgeon’s assistant. However, my view about what a nurse really is, and what a nurse can do was literally broadened after my 10 hour service learning at Papakole’a Garden. My service learning project was conducted from Saturday, March 09, 2013 to Saturday, April 06, 2013 at the Papakole’a Community Gardens near the neighborhood’s schools. The 60’x80’ plot of land was planted to promote food sustainability, but as the project continued, the produce kept growing and eventually the harvest may even cater to the local community kitchen. I was merely a nu rsing student when I started working in the garden. I didn’t see the connection of health and gardening right away. But as my time in the garden grew, a new image of a nurse started to form in my head – that of the community nurse. A nurse that has all the training and bears all the competencies of a health care professional but has a deep understanding of his/ her own culture, and a proud sense of community. I. What the community taught me about nursing I was born and raised in Kailua, Hawaii and though I don’t have any Hawaiian roots, I can claim that I belong and have a grasp of the state’s culture. Understanding your patient’s cultural background is essential in providing proper and sensitive care for them. The community of Papakolea is quite unique because in its community and infrastructure planning, the wellness of the kupuna as they age is given much priority and high regard. They even built a kupuna supportive living center to cater to the needs of the aging and their families. There are also schools in the area that have sound health and wellness policies and practices integrated in their curriculum. As is observed, the health and wellness of every generation is deemed important in this community. This initiative of the Papakolea government is congruent with the concept of Ohana or family that is a cultural identity for every person that resides in Hawaii. They have actually dubbed their health program as Ohana-health – giving healthcare services with a big emphasis on the importance of families and community relationships as an extension of the family. Being a nurse in this setting taught me about how big of a matter family is to the Papakolea residents and to the Hawaiians as a whole. Since family is central to their wellbeing, then care should be given with the family in mind. In this context, the giving of treatment may also be more effective if the patient’s family is involved as a support system for the patient during treatment. The garden in the community of Papakolea also taught me another integral part of being a nurse. The health of the land reflects the health of its people. The relatively small garden that the community maintains expresses their dedication for wholesome food that is sustainable for everyone in the community. Every resident has access to the community garden and although the produce is mainly allotted for the kupuna, everyone pitches in so that the land’s production is maximized and wholesome food will be available for all. This regard for the environment and the food source

Arts & Visual Literacy Exploring Visual Tactics and Strategies Assignment

Arts & Visual Literacy Exploring Visual Tactics and Strategies - Assignment Example The essay will relay more information on the visual literacy and some of the tactics used by Frida Kahlo as depicted in her portrait, â€Å"The Two Fridas†. The portrait is a full description of Frida’s two different personalities. On the right is the image of Frida holding an amulet, the amulet bears the image of Diego, her former husband. The image on the right portrays a Frida that was not only respected but also loved by Diego and the amulet having Diego’s image is evident how close they were while still couples (â€Å"Frida Kahlo Fans†). The image also Shows Frida wearing a Tehuana costume, this costume was always worn by native Mexican women and by wearing it, Frida portrayed her love for Diego who was a Mexican. Conversely, on the left is a very different Frida. Unlike the Frida on the right who is in love, the other Frida is in pain and anguish since she is no longer married. She is wearing a white Victorian wedding gown symbolizing she was once married and the wedding gown is the proof. Unlike the first Frida that was holding an amulet bearing Diego’s image, the Frida in white is holding surgical pincers. The amulet in Frida’s arms is the source of a vein that goes through the women’s hearts. The Frida in Tehuana costume is not bothered with the vein connecting her with Diego because she is in love; conversely, the rejected Frida has cut the vein linking her to Diego. Cutting the vein has caused bleeding and Frida is not able to stop it, this symbolizes that after the being divorced, she went through trauma to the extent that she felt like dying (â€Å"Frida Kahlo Fans†). The two Fridas hearts are exposed; the heart of Frida in love is whole whereas the divorced Frida has a broken heart. This is clear indication that Frida is in in agony after her lover left her and in the process left her heart incomplete with no one to

Religion and Ethnic Diversity Paper Essay Example for Free

Religion and Ethnic Diversity Paper Essay According to Grace Communion International, people of the black churches believed much like the European Americans. They shared the belief that God’s past dealings give light of future life. The black churches tend to see America as the land of captivity rather than the promise land. The black churches shared similar beliefs to other groups but they did not always see quite the same, black churches tend to hold church into the late afternoon and felt they should try to help all members of the church with all aspects of life, other groups did not hold church for many hours. The historically black churches took it upon themselves to care for blacks, not just spiritually but physically as well because they felt they were discriminated against. The churches made it their job to try to care for the people who had no one else to care for them. Many churches offered services to blacks and whites, even though they did this the blacks were still segregated from the whites. It was standard practice for things of this nature to be done before there were churches built specifically for them, some didn’t even allow their presence. The black churches received a lot of discrimination, hatred, and prejudice from the white community. Often times they were not treated equal to white people as they should have been. I feel that reading a little bit about the black churches has given me a lot more history on it but it has not really helped me to understand the religion more than I already did. I have visited a black church and while they do not believe very different they practice their religion very differently. Black of the African decent are otherwise known as African Americans differ from many other groups based on their hair, skin tones, physical appearance, and the way they talk. Black people even have beliefs about how children should be raised and cared for. They may have similar qualities of other groups but there are many more differences. African Americans have had many, many experiences with other groups and how they differ from them and what qualities they display. Blacks are often discriminated against by many groups for the choices they make and the beliefs they practice. Blacks as a group tend to keep to their own and mind their business. Blacks originally over from Africa bring many things to the American culture such as food, clothing styles, music and much more. The African decent in foods has altered spices and more, and clothing varies by pattern and style of clothing but both have made a rather large impact. For many years in history  blacks were made to be slaves and were bought, sold and bartered for in America and even other countries. They were enslaved for a very long time until the north and south finally went to war over the matter and they gained their American right to freedom. Blacks were also segregated from whites for many years. Blacks were very heavily discriminated against by many groups but especially whites. Whites made enslaving blacks very important in their lives, while whites were the main source of slave drivers, there were also very wealthy black people who chose to have black slaves. Blacks received discrimination from many directions. I feel that I already had a very fair amount of information on blacks and the discrimination and prejudice they have received in the past and continue to receive. Blacks are often not given enough credit for all that they have to put up with, but society in my opinion has lightened up tremendously. Prejudice and discrimination in historically black churches and blacks are very similar, they were made to remain segregated for many years, and they were also discriminated against by many especially the whites, both groups revolve around blacks which make the prejudice and discrimination very similar. The prejudice and discrimination that blacks and the historically black church differ in the fact that the churches were not enslaved. There are not that many differences due to the fact that the churches are for the blacks. There are far more similarities than differences in the groups. From my personal knowledge of these two groups I can conclude that blacks are mostly discriminated against by whites, especially further back in history. Other groups discriminate against blacks and the historically black church but whites much more commonly discriminate against them and are prejudice. The more time that passes the better the circumstances become between groups.

Complications of Post Angioplasty Bleeding

Complications of Post Angioplasty Bleeding Introduction This paper is aiming to identified the potential complication of post angioplasty bleeding and abrupt closure of coronary artery base on the case of Elizabeth Green from caseworld and explore the issue in depth and widen horizon. Relevant nursing decisions and recommendations of post angioplasty care will be provided and discussed which is based on clinical guideline of the University of Minnesota Hospital and Clinic(UMHC). This article is structured into three aspects which are indications of the percutaneous coronary angioplasty and Mrs Green’s data, evidence-supported nursing interventions for bleeding prevention and evaluation of the interventions regarding to ANMC competency elements. The determine progress of individual plan and quality improvement of unique care will be presented. Indication of the percutaneous coronary angioplasty and Mrs Green’s case data Apart from a very small percentage of individuals who has difficulties to pass the guide wire or the balloon catheter through the narrow artery, 90%-95% of patients can be effectively relieved from coronary arterial obstruction after the percutaneous coronary angioplasty. Percutaneous coronary angioplasty is a non surgical treatment offered to patient with coronary artery disease, the major aim of this procedure is to increase the arterial lumen size and allow greater blood flow. A ballon tipped catheter is used to split and reshape the atheromatous material, pushing it to the artery wall therefore more blood can be transferred through the particular artery. Abrupt closure of the dilated coronary artery and bleeding are two uncommon but possible complications for Elizabeth Green within the very first few hours post angioplasty. The cause of abrupt closure varies, it can be due to combination of dissection of the inner lining of artery , thrombosis and spasm at the balloon site. As to assist in preventing thrombosis formulation during or post percutaneous coronary intervention, oral anticoagulant medication including aspirin will be administered to avoid platelets from adhering the artery wall and stimulating blood clotting. To further prevent blood clotting, intravenous heparin or synthetic analogues of heparin molecule can be given to the patients. The anticoagulant drugs can help reduce the risk of abrupt closure however can contribute to increasing risk of post angioplasty bleeding. Giving the fact that Mrs Green’s gender, age, past history of unstable angina and episode of heart attacks make her at high risk for bleeding or bruise on the puncture site. The femoral sheath is funnel-shaped and consist of femoral artery, femoral vein and lymphatic, If there is a bleeding in the femoral sheath, it can spread to the abdominal wall follow the wall of the sheath. There will form a continuation of the transversalis fascia and the femoral sheath can directly connect to the anterior abdominal wall. Differ from bleeding to abdominal wall there is another kind of post angioplasty bleeding named rectus sheath hematoma (RSH). The damage or tear to the superior or inferior epigastric arteries can result in bleeding into the rectus sheath. In many case of major bleeding,RSH can also lead to other complication including multiorgan dysfunction and abdominal compartment syndrome Even the fact that RSH has not been detected post a PTA procedure, when patient present episode of acute abdominal pain, RSH can be considered as a differential diagnosis. evidence-supported nursing interventions for bleeding prevention Following Angioplasty After the procedure, pressure is required to apply on the site for about 5-10mintues in order to close off the insertion holes in the arteries. Patient will be positioned to lie on their back with gauze dressing taped to the site for 4-6 hours. 4-6 hour is proper for normal blood clotting seals the hole in the artery. On the other hand, patient need to be assessed for recurring chest pain which indicate the procedure artery is re-closed, bleeding at the groin site and symptoms of dye-induced kidney damage. Guideline for the nursing care of a patient after percutaneous coronary angioplasty The word ‘guideline’ is chosen rather than ‘standard’ is because clarify of term help in avoiding potential legal consequence. Literature has shown that, in a malpractice suit, standards may be used by plaintiff against hospital. Standards could be misconstrued for inappropriate purpose. In real case, if a patient is required a nurse to monitor observation every 15minutes in the first hour post angioplasty, legally the nursing staff can be charged for not implement the standard, even the nurse is considering patients’ urgent priorities. The term guidelines means those strategies are for quality improving and goals promoting for patient care. Nurse can remain independent nursing decision depend on patient’s individual circumstance. Nursing intervention for caring post angioplasty patient 1.Vital signs should be monitored and documented every 15 minutes in the first hour post procedure then every 30 minutes for 2 hours, every hour for 4 hours then 4 hourly observation.Do not use automatic blood pressure cuff. 2. While doing each of vital signs, assess patient femoral site, symptoms of oozing , swelling and increasing pain show signs of hematoma. Especially when patient is coughing, sneezing, vomiting and flexing position on bed etc, there is a high risk of bleeding. 3. If necessary or ordered, exam and monitor patient’s coagulation test result and hemoglobin studies, usually it is done every 4-6 hours. 4 Follow prescribed regimen to perform anticoagulation therapy (goal is to have partial thromboplastin time 50-100) 5 Put a blanket over patient’s extremity and tuck the end under mattress so patient’s groin site can be immobilize however pressure area like ankle and heel should be protected by putting towels under 6 Movement of the patient need to be minimized. Only move the patient bed to bed once. Avoid weighting patient unless ordered by fellow. When patient need to toilet, use bedpan and turn patient away from the procedure site same with lying on the bed always preferred on the side away from procedure site. If the patient need to change position, educate patient to ask for assistance 7 Procedure site need to remain straight at the hips through out the process Educate patient not to extend and bend their limb. 8 Educate patient to cover their groin site when they coughs and sneezes. 9 Check patient medication history if he is on anticoagulant and provide assessment to the fellow for considerations. 10 Do not perform unnecessary venipunctures or intravenous insertions ,intramuscular and subcutaneous injection only if the coagulation value is normal. Instruct the patient on all the above precautions and cares 11 When patient present bleeding, hold pressure on arterial venous puncture site as longer as the bleeding seems to stop usually take 20 minutes or more. Avoid using sandbag or pressure dressing unless ordered by physician. 12 Report and contact intern for any presenting bleeding or potential bleeding. . The PTCA fellow should be notified by the intern 13 Maintain transparent dressing to site at all times. In patient’s discharge planning, health provider need to provide education pack of self-care of angioplasty and long-term care for coronary disease, these contribute in of complication of angioplasty and further cardiac issue. For example in this education pack instruction need to be provided including when they can recovery to normal activity, in the few day post angioplasty, heavy lifting and strong exercise should be avoided hence the femoral site can heal properly and if patient detect early symptoms who should they contact and what do they need to report to the G.P For patients who have been prescribed with aspirin or other antiplatelet medication post angioplasty, they need to be informed what are the medication the patient must take and the purpose.Usually when stent has been implanted, patient will be administered clopedigrol(Plavix) once a day for within 2-4 weeks time. This medication is an potent aspirin-like drug which help reduce the clot formulation around the stent during the first week after the procedure. To avoid life-threatening complication, clopedigrol is a good prevention and patient should bring this medication before they discharged as prescribed. Specially for those patient who had medication history of anticoagulant to treat chest pain caused by the blockage, they can be resistant to the effects of aspirin thus regular blood examination is required to monitor patient’s response to anticoagulant and the doctor can adjust the dosage of aspirin or change the medication. Family support for the patient is essential in the recovery process, specially for elderly client who live alone, family visit help in early detection of complication and maintain of patient’s regular social function. EVALUATION OF QUALITY CARE Firstly if the nursing goal is achieved, clinical outcome directly match to effort, according to ANMC competence it is the nurses responsibility to fulfill duty of care and prevent harm to the patient for example, quickly identify bleeding in the post angioplasty patient. Secondly, practises in accordance with profession framework, understand clinical guideline and perform excellence quality of nursing care, for example, Avoid venipunctures on the post angioplasty patient. Thirdly, demonstrate analytical skills in accessing and and collecting patient’s data. In the case of the post angioplasty patient, this can be like assess patient on their procedure site and vital signs to and make independent nursing judgment to meet quality care. Based on the ANMC competency, nurse need to be able to identify individual and other team member’s responsibilities. Example is the when there occur bleeding, the nurse should contact the intern for bleeding and report relevant assessment and information. What’s more, nurse need to use evidence-based practice and give patient step by step instructions for performing a task, for example with the onset of bleeding from groin site post angioplasty, nurse need to put on gloves and hold pressure on the sheath site for approximately 20 minutes or more. Last but not least set up individual care plan for patient base on their preference and clinical objectives to meet unique demand of the patient. Conclusion Post angioplasty bleeding can be life threatening complication hence it is important for the health provider to monitor and assess early symptoms for internal or external bleeding. To practice within clinical guide benefit in prevention of the complication however individual situation should be considered and nurse need to make independent decision. Clinical guideline is aiming to improvement of quality of care thus evaluation of clinical outcome and feedback from patient play a role in improving practice.

The New Deal Essay examples -- American History, Politics, Poverty

The New Deal was created to make the United States a more convenient country to Americans in need. It was created during Franklin D. Roosevelt’s first term of presidency in the year 1933. The New Deal was a chain of programs that were made to help the United States deal with poverty going on during that time. Poverty had a major affect on Americans; lack of employment, depression, homeless, and more. Many times families will feel like they were useless to their own family, because they couldn’t provide them with anything. According to Franklin D. Roosevelt (2009, para. 1), the New Deal was determined to three steps Relief, Recovery, and Reform; each one had their own significance. Like everything in history everything has a cause, therefore so did the New Deal. Sometimes the outcome of that cause is significant and carries down to different generations. A great example is the New Deal, because although the programs were done years ago some still exist today and many people benefit from it. The main cause of the New Deal was the stock market crash, which is known as the Great Depression. On October 29, 1929 also known as Black Tuesday, the world turned upside down (Charles Scaliger, 2008, p.34, para. 1). He says this, because it is the day the stock market crashed and everything started happening. There was a major increase in unemployment, lack of consumer buying, loss of homes, and farms as mortgages failed, and strikes and riots when workers could no longer earn a family wage (Phyllis J. Day, 2009, p.284). All of these outcomes from the crash affected not only the United States, but also the world, because no one had money to buy things to raise economy. According to Phyllis Day (2009, p. 284, para. 3), t... ...s and more. Although it served different races, racism was still a problem, because it was not forbidden to be prejudice, but just to avoid it. Basically the idea was do not get caught discriminating, which was not right, because many people of different color were in the same shoes like the others. An idea President Roosevelt had, which was the total opposite from President Hoover was control of production. The program National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA) showed the major difference the two presidents had. While President Hoover believed in raising prices, so economy can grow, President Roosevelt believed otherwise. This program said companies were not to raise prices, just because economy was bad. Having this program lead to Unionization, because now the court was actually on the workers side, rather than the employees (Phyllis Day, 2009, p. 289).

The Usefulness of Structuralism as an Analytical Tool for Uncovering Ho

In the words of Michael O’Shaughnessy, ‘narratives, or stories, are a basic way of making sense of our experience’ (1999: 266). As a society and a culture, we use stories to comprehend and share our experiences, typically by constructing them with a beginning, middle and an end. In fact, the order that a narrative is structured will directly impact the way it is understood, particularly across cultures. This idea originated through Claude LÃ ©vi-Strauss’s concept of structuralism in anthropology which ‘is concerned with uncovering the common structural principles underlying specific and historically variable cultures and myth’ in pre-industrial societies (Strinati 2003: 85). In terms of media studies, structuralism’s inherent objective is to dig beneath the surface of a media text to identify how the structure of a narrative contributes to it’s meaning. Structuralism encompasses a large range of analytical tools, however, this es say will examine Joseph Campbell’s monomyth and Claude LÃ ©vi-Strauss’s theory of binary oppositions. Through analysis of Victor Fleming’s film, The Wizard of Oz (1939), it will be shown that although the monomyth and binary oppositions are useful tools with which to unveil how meaning is generated in this text, structuralism can undermine the audience’s ability to engage with their own interpretations of the film. In the simplest form, there is a basic structural pattern to narratives, as expressed through Tzvetan Todorov’s explanation of narrative movement between two equilibriums. A narrative begins in a stable position until something causes disequilibrium, however, by the end of the story, the equilibrium is re-established, though it is different than the beginning (O’Shaughnessy 1999: 268). Joseph Cam... ...an adequate mechanism for unveiling the techniques used to create messages in a text. Works Cited Campbell, Joseph (1968), The Hero with a Thousand Faces, Princeton, N.J., Princeton University Press, pp. viii-97. Eco, Umberto (1979), ‘Narrative structures in Fleming’, in his, The Role of the Reader: Explorations in the Semiotics of Texts, Bloomington, Indiana University Press, pp. 144-172. Hartley, John (2002), Communication, Cultural and Media Studies: The Key Concepts, London, Routledge, pp. 19-21. O’Shaughnessy, Michael (1999), Media and Society: An Introduction, Melbourne, Oxford University Press, pp. 266-290. Strinati, Dominic (2003), ‘Structuralism, semiology and popular culture’ (extract), in his An Introduction to Theories of Popular Culture: 2nd Ed., London, Routledge, pp. 82-85. The Wizard of Oz (film), 1939, Director: Victor Fleming.

Love, Death and the Changing of the Seasons Essay

The majority of poems and sonnets we have read, starting back from the first sonnet to today’s modern writers. They can be said to describe as a moment’s monument. As they describe a time of hurt, happiness or a memory in that was once enjoyed that has been put into words. I am going to discuss the meaning behind, what a moment’s monument is. I am also going to find out between two sonnets, The Forge and Love deaths and the changing of the season. Weather they answer the question â€Å"the sonnet has been described as a moment’s monument’. What is the meaning of a moment, it can mean so many things. Mainly it is described as a setting to a time in someone’s life. A moment in time that has been remembered, it could be happy, sad moment or an event that you have remember such a wedding day. Putting it into a sonnet, it can be a moment of a lost one someone is explaining. A monument is a statue, gravestone or a piece of history that can act as a record or memory for someone. For an example a gravestone is a record of a person’s death and the time they spent alive, it’s their record for people who loved them and also a way of saying â€Å"I was here. The sonnet Love deaths and the changing of the season by Marilyn Hacker can be described as a moment’s monument. The speaker of the sonnet is speaking about herself and about a moment in her life. The moment in her life that she is talking about is her loss of a lover. She is explaining the pain she has to face with letting go. The monument is the record of the tears she cried over her loss of this lover who was once there with her. This is shown in line thirteen and fourteen when she says â€Å"I drank our one year out in brine instead of honey. These lines mean she is describing the one year as drinking brine which is salt water which would cause dehydration and then sickness and eventually death, she has nothing left. When she compares brine to honey it is showing us, her life has gone from something sweet like honey, to something bitter like brine. The monument which can also be linked in this sonnet is that the death of the lover, will give them a gravestone as the record. The structure of the sonnet consists of fourteen line . The rhyme pattern can be debated of being either an Italian sonnet which the pattern the lines are divided into eight and six or English/Shakespearean which consists of the lines of three quatrains and two couplets. If it is an Italian version sonnet can be broken down the first eight lines. The first eight lines are her explaining her wanting him back. Then lines nine to fourteen is her accepting his gone and letting him go. If it is an English version sonnet it can be read as line one to four is her pain. Line five to eight is he realizing his not coming back and line nine to fourteen is her bitterness of crying over her loss. Hacker’s sonnet also allows the reader to get a language image. Some examples of this is, when she says â€Å"flood gates. † This is meaning that she is opening up her heart and letting the grief pouring out. She also says of a â€Å"gift† he left her behind, which is her way of saying bitterly he has left her with nothing but tears. Another language image is â€Å"season,† also mentioned as part of the title and mentioned in the sonnet. This can be used as she also mentions in the sonnet â€Å"winter,† which is a cold and comfortless and empty season, meaning this is how she feels with only have memories now. The metre of the poem is the standard iambic pentameter, but it is used to a good strong effect for the read as it emphasizes the main words such as in line three â€Å"stomach ache, headache and heartache, which is a good effect. As is emphasizes on the main word ache, which is another word for pain. The sonnet The Forge by Seamus Heaney can be described as a moment’s monument. The speaker in the sonnet is speaking from observation, watching the Black smith it could be someone who regularly passes by or an apprentice working with the blacksmith. The moment in time which the person watching is describing is the Blacksmith in the Forge and his every day routine of making horse shoes. This is shown in line nine when it is said â€Å"where he expends himself in shape and music†, we know this as he references to the guy as ‘he’ not ‘I’. The monument within this sonnet could also be considered a moment the lines twelve and thirteen shows a good example when it says â€Å"recalls a clatter of hoofs where traffic is flashing in rows. Demonstrating it’s a memory that a moment in time that he recorded of when the streets where once surrounded with horse and remembering the sound of their shoes clattering on the roads, but now it is taken over by car and traffic lights. The structure of the sonnet is a fourteen line sonnet. The rhyme pattern of this sonnet is an Italian sonnet. The Italian sonnets are in the pattern of lines that are divided into eight and six. It can be put lines one to eight is the person watching the daily routine completed by the Blacksmith and him going about his everyday activities. Then line nine to fourteen is the person watching the Blacksmith reminisce on the past and then getting upset and returning to his work. The poem is the normal iambic pentameter, but it is used responsively, for a good outcome. For example in the very first line we already get words like dark, which is a powerful word on its own Both The Forge and Love, Death and the changing of the seasons are sonnets that are a moment’s monument. The both describe a moment in time. Weather it is a loss of a lover or a working day. They both describe a monument a memory, traffic replacing horses or the way he use to take her in his arms.